Mitigation of ammonia emissions from pig production using reduced dietary crude protein with amino acid supplementation

Liu, Shule; Ni, Ji‐Qin; Radcliffe, J. S.; Vonderohe, Caitlin

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2017.02.082

Cited by 29 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…There were 60 mixed-sex pigs in each room under a dietary crude protein study. All pigs were fed ad libitum (Liu, Ni, Radcliffe, & Vonderohe, 2017;Vonderohe et al, 2016).…”

Section: Evaluation Of the Sensors During An Entire Pig Growth Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation and characterisation of Passive Infrared Detectors to monitor pig activities in an environmental research building

Liu

Radcliffe

et al. 2017

Biosystems Engineering

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In confined feeding operations, animal activity can affect environmental variables such as indoor gas and dust concentrations, which can have negative impact on animal health and welfare. Therefore, monitoring animal activities is important in research into the environment of animal rearing. In this study, low-cost Passive Infrared Detector (PID) motion sensors were studied to monitor pig activities in the Swine Environmental Research Building, Purdue University, USA. Special functions were programmed into custom-developed data acquisition software to process the sensor analogue output signals and provide real-time, continuous, and quantitative data, which reflected behaviour-related pig activities. Signals from the PID sensors were averaged at different time intervals for data interpretation. Data using the PID sensors demonstrated substantial differences in activity magnitudes of pigs between day and night, which confirmed diurnal patterns of pig behaviours. Short-time disturbance by operational work in the rooms could cause prolonged excitement and activities of the pigs. In addition, the study revealed that pigs were active at different times of the day as they grew up. Pigs were most active between 30 and 100 post-weaning days. Based on the results of this study, PID sensors can be used to assist in monitoring pig activities in livestock production and research into animal behaviours and welfare.

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“…There were 60 mixed-sex pigs in each room under a dietary crude protein study. All pigs were fed ad libitum (Liu, Ni, Radcliffe, & Vonderohe, 2017;Vonderohe et al, 2016).…”

Section: Evaluation Of the Sensors During An Entire Pig Growth Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation and characterisation of Passive Infrared Detectors to monitor pig activities in an environmental research building

Liu

Radcliffe

et al. 2017

Biosystems Engineering

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“…The intensive feeding of pigs continuously exposes pigs to high concentrations of aerial pollutants, such as organic dust, noxious gases, microorganisms, and bacterial endotoxins, which greatly causes subclinical disease and production losses (Aarnink et al, 1995; Liu et al, 2017). As one of the most important gaseous pollutants in pig sheds, ammonia is produced through the decomposition of animal droppings in the presence of microorganisms under heat and moisture conditions (Xiong et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Variation of Nasal Microbiota Caused by Low Levels of Gaseous Ammonia Exposure in Growing Pigs

Yao

Shao

et al. 2019

Front. Microbiol.

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Exposure to gaseous ammonia, even at low levels, can be harmful to pigs and human health. However, less is known about the effects of sustained exposure to gaseous ammonia on nasal microbiota colonization in growing pigs. A total of 120 Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire pigs were housed in 24 separate chambers and continuously exposed to gaseous ammonia at 0,5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 ppm (four groups per exposure level) for 4 weeks. Then, we used high-throughput sequencing to perform 16S rRNA gene analysis in nasal swabs samples from 72 pigs ( n = 12). The results of the nasal microbiota analysis showed that an increase in ammonia concentration, especially at 20 and 25 ppm, decreased the alpha diversity and relative abundance of nasal microbiota. Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria , and Chloroflexi were the most abundant phyla. In addition, the relative abundances of 24 microbial genera significantly changed as the ammonia level increased. Four microbial genera ( Pseudomonas, Lactobacillus, Prevotella , and Bacteroides ) were significantly decreased at 25 ppm, while only two genera ( Moraxella and Streptococcus ) were increased at 25 ppm. PICRUSt analyses showed that the relative abundances of the nasal microbiota involved in cell motility, signal transduction, the nervous system, environmental adaptation, and energy and carbohydrate metabolism were significantly decreased, while genes involved in the immune system, endocrine system, circulatory system, immune system diseases and metabolism of vitamins, lipid, and amino acids were increased with increased ammonia levels. The results of in vivo tests showed that an increase in ammonia levels, especially an ammonia level of 25 ppm, caused respiratory tract injury and increase the number of Moraxella and Streptococcus species, while simultaneously decreasing respiratory immunity and growth performance, consistent with the increased presence of harmful bacteria identified by nasal microbiota analysis. Herein, this study also indicted that the threshold concentration of ammonia in pig farming is 20 ppm.

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“…Approximately 70% of the N in the diet was excreted in urine and feces. It is an effective, established way to achieve increases in the full utilization of dietary N and decreases in the N in the feces to reduce NH 3 emissions [19]. Seradj et al [20] reported that a lower ammonia level in the colon is related to a low pH and the type of carbohydrates in the intestinal lumen.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physicochemical Properties and Intestinal Health Promoting Water-Insoluble Fiber Enriched Fraction Prepared from Blanched Vegetable Soybean Pod Hulls

Huang

Hsieh

2019

Molecules

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Different methods can be used to change the fiber compositions of food, and they consequently affect the physicochemical properties and physiological activities. The present study compared the effects of a blanching treatment on the physicochemical properties of water-insoluble fiber enriched fraction (WIFF) from three varieties of vegetable soybean pod hulls (tea vegetable soybean pod hull, TVSPH; black vegetable soybean pod hull, BVSPH; 305 vegetable soybean pod hulls, 305VSPH) and evaluated their effects on intestinal health in hamsters. Blanching may increase the soluble dietary fiber (SDF) content of WIFF in the 305VSPH variety by solubilizing cell wall components and releasing water-soluble sugars. Thus, the WIFF in the 305VSPH variety after blanching may be composed of cellulose and pectic substances. The WIFF of the blanched 305VSPH (B-305VSPH) variety exhibited the highest physicochemical properties, such as a water-retention capacity (11.7 g/g), oil-holding capacity (9.34 g/g), swelling property (10.8 mL/g), solubility (12.2%), and cation-exchange capacity (221 meq/kg), of the three varieties examined. The supplementation of B-305VSPH WIFF in the diet resulted in significantly (p < 0.05) lower cecal and fecal ammonia; activities of fecal β-d-glucosidase, β-d-glucuronidase, mucinase, and urease; as well as higher cecal total short-chain fatty acids relative to other diets. In addition, microbial analysis suggested that fecal bifidobacteria growth was enhanced by the consumption of B-305VSPH WIFF. Therefore, B-305VSPH WIFF may be applicable as a potential functional ingredient in the food industry for the improvement of intestinal health.

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Mitigation of ammonia emissions from pig production using reduced dietary crude protein with amino acid supplementation

Cited by 29 publications

References 28 publications

Evaluation and characterisation of Passive Infrared Detectors to monitor pig activities in an environmental research building

Evaluation and characterisation of Passive Infrared Detectors to monitor pig activities in an environmental research building

The Variation of Nasal Microbiota Caused by Low Levels of Gaseous Ammonia Exposure in Growing Pigs

Physicochemical Properties and Intestinal Health Promoting Water-Insoluble Fiber Enriched Fraction Prepared from Blanched Vegetable Soybean Pod Hulls

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