Mitigation of ammonia emissions during food waste composting through acetic acid addition: A promising strategy for sustainable waste management

Optimization of biofertilizers derived from vinegar residues to improve soil quality and alleviate salinization of the land

“…NH 4 + -N and NO 3 − -N as the two most abundant forms of nitrogen in the composting process, NH 4 + -N was is converted to NH 3 and released to the environment, and the change of NO 3 − -N content is the result of the combined effect of nitri cation and denitri cation (Yan et al, 2023).At the early stage of composting, NH 3 is produced due to the decomposition of amino acids and some nitrogenous compounds by microorganisms, leading to a NH 4 + -N content decreasing. The NH 4 + -N content increased and then decreased several times during the composting process, which may be due to the increase in temperature and the increased ammoni cation triggered by the degradation of many nitrogenous substances (Hussain et al, 2023).The NH 4 + -N content of PKN-Car-VR treatment was higher than that of the other added microbial treatments is relatively low, and some researchers believe that the salt incorporation will have an inhibitory effect on organic matter humi cation, thus reducing the NH 4 + -N content (Mahmud et al, 2021). During the early decomposition stage, microbial proliferation promotes the decomposition rate of organic matter and the moisture content of the compost decreases rapidly, which helps to shorten the maturation time of the compost.…”