Mitigation Measures for Exposure to Pesticides

Thongsinthusak, Thomas; Dong, Michael H.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-374367-1.00054-9

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The body regions left exposed in the biomonitoring group (and typically left exposed by golfers), namely the head, lower legs, hands, and lower arms, accounted for 48−85% of the total dermal residues transferred to the golfers ( Table ). (2) The summed WBD residues were then multiplied by the dermal absorption rate of 9.6% , the high end of the penetration values estimated for chlorpyrifos. Both assumptions should tend to overestimate the ADD.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The TCP−glucoronide conjugate is the main urinary metabolite, with a urinary half-life ( t 1/2 ) of 27 h after dermal and oral exposure to chlorpyrifos . A dermal absorption rate for chlorpyrifos of 9.6% per 24 h has been determined , . The current U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) acute oral reference dose (Rfd) is 0.005 mg/(kg d).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Golfer Exposure to Chlorpyrifos and Carbaryl Following Application to Turfgrass

Putnam

Doherty

Clark

2008

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Exposure of golfers to pesticides following their application to turfgrass is of concern to regulators, turfgrass professionals, and consumers. Multipathway exposures were evaluated for golfers on turfgrass treated with chlorpyrifos and carbaryl. Air concentrations and transferable foliar residues (TFRs) were measured to assess potential respiratory and dermal exposures, respectively. At the same time, exposure to individuals simulating the play of golf was determined by dosimetry and urinary biomonitoring. Individual golfer exposure was determined in 76 rounds of golf following eight applications of chlorpyrifos and two applications of carbaryl. Estimated exposures to golfers following full course and full rate applications of chlorpyrifos and carbaryl were 19-68 times below current U.S. EPA acute reference dose (Rfd) values, indicating safe exposures under U.S. EPA hazard quotient criteria. Dermal exposure was determined to be the dominant exposure pathway to golfers, accounting for approximately 60% of the chlorpyrifos absorbed dose and 100% of the carbaryl absorbed dose. This study also provides a set of transfer factors (TFs) that may be used to determine dermal exposure of golfers to pesticides using transferable residue data.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Golfer Exposure to Chlorpyrifos and Carbaryl Following Application to Turfgrass

Putnam

Doherty

Clark

2008

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Assessment of Field Reentry Exposure to Pesticides: Limitations, Uncertainties, and Alternatives

Dong

Beauvais

2013

Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal

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The Importance of Hand Exposures to Absorbed Dosage of Hand Harvesters

Sankaran

Chen

et al. 2015

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A

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Fruit harvesters' primary pesticide exposure results from direct dermal and clothing contact with foliar residues. The transfer of pesticide residues from foliage to strawberry harvesters' hands and their subsequent dissipation under normal occupational conditions in the field was examined. The effectiveness of latex gloves as sampling dosimeters was evaluated and compared with bare-handed harvester exposures. After application of malathion and fenpropathrin insecticides on strawberry fields, resulting harvester exposures using four independent methods were studied. Between d 4 (preharvest interval, PHI) and d 7 after pesticide application, (1) dislodgeable foliar residues, (2) pesticide residues accumulating on the gloves, and (3) end-of-shift harvester hand-wash residues decreased by 90, 75, and 85%, respectively. In contrast, the 7-d decline in excreted urine metabolites was only 43% for gloved harvesters and 29% for barehanded ones. In addition, gloved harvesters displayed 23% lower biomonitored exposures than barehanded ones, demonstrating that latex gloves are an effective protective barrier against surface residues. Since malathion and its metabolites are readily excreted, data indicated that there were likely other sources of excreted malathion breakdown products present on foliar surfaces after dissipation of malathion itself.

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Mitigation Measures for Exposure to Pesticides

Cited by 3 publications

References 14 publications

Golfer Exposure to Chlorpyrifos and Carbaryl Following Application to Turfgrass

Golfer Exposure to Chlorpyrifos and Carbaryl Following Application to Turfgrass

Assessment of Field Reentry Exposure to Pesticides: Limitations, Uncertainties, and Alternatives

The Importance of Hand Exposures to Absorbed Dosage of Hand Harvesters

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