Mitigating the urban heat island in a residential area in Tehran: Investigating the role of vegetation, materials, and orientation of buildings

Farhadi, Hamed; Faizi, Mohsen; Sanaieian, Haniyeh

doi:10.1016/j.scs.2019.101448

Cited by 134 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The effectiveness of green infrastructure in reducing urban thermal islands is already proven through measurements (filed measurements, scale models, and thermal remote sensing), and computer simulation (Farhadi et al., 2019; Lai et al., 2019; Zölch et al., 2016; Norton et al., 2015; Chow and Brazel, 2012; Wong and Yu, 2005). The literature related to this subject consists of broad investigations into green infrastructure of different shapes and scales (Wang and Banzhaf, 2018), including small local parks (Ca et al., 1998; Aram et al., 2019), large urban parks (Petralli et al., 2009; Buyadi et al., 2015), urban forests (Oke et al., 1989; Brandt et al., 2016), urban gardens (Mazhar et al., 2015), green roofs (Santamouris, 2014; Alcazar et al., 2016; Besir and Cuce, 2018), green facades (Demuzere et al., 2014; Manso and Castro-Gomes, 2015), and street trees (Lobaccaro and Acero, 2015; Shahidan et al., 2010; Klemm et al., 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban green space cooling effect in cities

Aram

García

Solgi

et al. 2019

Heliyon

411

168

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Urban green spaces are considered an appropriate way to reduce urban heat island effects and provide comfort to the nearby occupants. In addition to cooling the actual space, urban green spaces are also able to influence the surrounding area, and this phenomenon is called the urban green space cooling effect. The most important issues with regard to the cooling effects of urban green spaces are the intensity and density of the cooling, which can play a major role for urban designers and planners in dealing with urban heat island. This article reviews the latest studies that have examined the cooling effects of urban green spaces in recent years. Based on the method of evaluation of their samples, the studies are divided into three groups. The first category consists of research into a set of urban green spaces in one part of or in an entire city, mainly conducted through remote sensing and satellite maps. The second category investigates city parks or several urban parks with recognizable shapes and locations. In this section, information was mainly gathered by virtue of field observations. The third category relates to studies in which a part of urban space according to different scenarios of green space placement was modeled by simulation. The results of the present study illustrate that the highest cooling effect distance and cooling effect intensity are for large urban parks with an area of more than 10 ha; however, in addition to the area, the natural elements and qualities of the urban green spaces, as well as climate characteristics, highly inform the urban green space cooling effect.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban green space cooling effect in cities

Aram

García

Solgi

et al. 2019

Heliyon

411

168

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“…Consistent urbanization leads to the conversion of natural land surface covers using impervious surfaces, which in turn causes an increase of artificial heat emissions. As a result of urbanization, urban areas exhibit significantly higher surface and air temperatures than nearby suburban and rural areas, resulting in the urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon [1], which affects people's health and the sustainable development of cities [2,3]. A number of studies have attempted to achieve an understanding of the interactions between urbanization and UHI [4][5][6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, most of the recent research was only conducted during the summer season, while little consideration was provided for the seasonal characteristics of LCZ classes. In this study, we map the LCZs of Chenzhou city in China, with the following purposes: (1) to classify LCZs more accurately using an improved GIS method, (2) to investigate the relationship between land surface temperature (LST) and LCZ classes in all four seasons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping Local Climate Zones Using ArcGIS-Based Method and Exploring Land Surface Temperature Characteristics in Chenzhou, China

Ya-ping

Zheng

2020

Sustainability

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The local climate zone (LCZ) has become a new tool for urban heat island research. Taking Chenzhou as the research object, eight urban spatial form elements and land cover elements are calculated respectively through ArcGIS, Skyhelios and ENVI software. The calculation results are then rasterized and clustered in ArcGIS to obtain the LCZ map at a resolution of 200 m. Afterwards, the land surface temperature (LST) of different local climate zones in the four seasons from 2017 to 2018 is further analyzed using one-way ANOVA F-test and Student’s t-test. The results suggest that: (1) by adding localized LCZ classes and applying the semi-automatic algorithm on the Arc-GIS platform, the final overall accuracy reaches 69.54%, with a kappa value of 0.67, (2) the compact middle-rise buildings (LCZ-2′) and open low-rise buildings (LCZ-6) heavily contribute to the high LST of the downtown area, while the large low-rise buildings (LCZ-8) cause the high LST regions in the eastern part of the town, (3) obvious land surface temperature differences can be detected in four seasons among different LCZ classes, with high LST in summer and autumn. Built-up LCZ classes generally revealed higher LSTs than land cover LCZs in all seasons. The findings of this study provide better understandings of the relationship between LCZ and LST, as well as important insights for urban planners on urban heat mitigation.

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“…The cooling effect of green space is also closely related to tree canopy coverage and size [29]. As a result, vegetation can counteract the effects of solar radiation by shadows and evaporation, trees, shrubs, and lawns that reduce regional and local temperatures [30][31][32].Changes in methods used to build roofs and pavement materials are also able to produce a cooling effect [33][34][35]. Green roofs have been widely accepted as one of the nature-based solutions to mitigate UHI and building energy consumption [36][37][38], especially in the densely built-up environment where few surfaces at the ground level are available for greening [6].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Changes in methods used to build roofs and pavement materials are also able to produce a cooling effect [33][34][35]. Green roofs have been widely accepted as one of the nature-based solutions to mitigate UHI and building energy consumption [36][37][38], especially in the densely built-up environment where few surfaces at the ground level are available for greening [6].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Simulation of Local Climate Zone Cooling Achieved through Modification of Trees, Albedo and Green Roofs—A Case Study of Changsha, China

Chen

Zheng

2020

Sustainability

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By exploring the cooling potential of tree quantity, ground albedo, green roofs and their combinations in local climate zone (LCZ)-4, LCZ-5, and LCZ-6, this study focuses on the optimum cooling level that can be achieved in open residential regions in Changsha. It designs and models 39 scenarios by integrating in situ measurement and ENVI-met numerical simulation and further compares cooling effects of various combinations of the cooling factors. The results show that (1) an increased number of trees and higher albedo are more effective compared to green roofs in reducing summer potential temperatures at street level (2 m high) in three LCZs. Negative correlations are observed in the pedestrian air temperature with trees and ground albedo; (2) the effects of cooling factors vary among different LCZ classes, with the increased 60% more trees leading to lower outdoor temperatures for LCZ-4 (0.28 °C), LCZ-5 (0.39 °C), and LCZ-6 (0.54 °C), while higher albedo of asphalt surface (increased by 0.4) is more effective in LCZ-4 (reaches to 0.68 °C) 14:00, compare to LCZ-5 (0.49 °C) and LCZ-6 (0.38 °C); (3) applying combined cooling methods can provoke air temperature reduction (up to 0.96 °C), especially when higher levels of tree quantities (increased by 60%) are coupled with cool ground materials (albedo increased by 0.4). The results can contribute useful information for improving thermal environment in existing residential regions and future residential planning.

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Mitigating the urban heat island in a residential area in Tehran: Investigating the role of vegetation, materials, and orientation of buildings

Cited by 134 publications

References 47 publications

Urban green space cooling effect in cities

Urban green space cooling effect in cities

Mapping Local Climate Zones Using ArcGIS-Based Method and Exploring Land Surface Temperature Characteristics in Chenzhou, China

Numerical Simulation of Local Climate Zone Cooling Achieved through Modification of Trees, Albedo and Green Roofs—A Case Study of Changsha, China

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