Mitigating the global health threat of violent conflict: a preventive framework

Shapiro, Daniel L.; Hua, Catherine

doi:10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000114

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Threshold concepts37 and conceptual spaces4 may contribute to a theoretical foundation for Hodges’ model, as may One Health 38. To fully apprehend nutrition —clinically, socioeconomically, politically, locally and globally… we must, as an example, incorporate and navigate the potential benefits of agritech, to reduce poverty on one hand; and the fatal consequences of eating disorders (anorexia and bulimia) on the other, assuring parity of esteem (physical and mental health)?39 As shown, Hodges’ model can complement ongoing work in nutrition and recognition of the planetary scale 38. The best way to ‘Leave No One Behind’ is to ensure individuals have the requisite literacies, so they can advocate for self, family and community; and ‘not be pushed behind’ 33 40…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hodges’ model: the Sustainable Development Goals and public health – universal health coverage demands a universal framework

Jones¹,

Wirnitzer

2022

BMJNPH

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Background to issue Future sustainable healthcare delivery and systems need reflective practitioners and critical thinkers to engage the public to achieve health policy aims and objectives. Therefore, this descriptive review introduces a generic conceptual framework, adopting a specific theme to illustrate and demonstrate a model of care or any other context. Whatever the purpose, context or philosophical stance in healthcare and health literacy, there is no standardised generic conceptual framework to structure reflection and critical thinking. This work presents a pragmatic solution focused on the oneto-one relationship of learner-mentor, patient-clinician, public health professional-public and groups. Methods The method is constructivist, an educational exercise, practical and the target group can be defined/ viewed as student, teacher, patient, carer or member of the public in a health promotion campaign, for example. The building blocks are health and care concepts that arise clinically in practice, or for a student writing an assignment. As will be explained, concepts (including the Sustainable Development Goals) are assigned by the subject(s)-in this instance the authors-to a domain of knowledge. Results As two-by-two tables, the results represent the structure of the conceptual framework, framing the content in a series of four knowledge (care) domains. The contents, ultimately the Sustainable Development Goals, may then be linked and relationships discussed. Results are produced gradually, building a cognitive or mind-map. The results, it must be stressed, are therefore qualitative. Conclusion Drawing on educational theory and practice, the results are explored and justified using the theme of nutrition, and the often stated desirability in education of reflective practice and critical thinking abilities. Providing a series of cross-disciplinary, the reader will gain insight into the potential of Hodges' model to facilitate integrated, person-centred and care that improves parity of esteem, supporting students and qualified personnel in their learning careers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hodges’ model: the Sustainable Development Goals and public health – universal health coverage demands a universal framework

Jones¹,

Wirnitzer

2022

BMJNPH

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“…This initiative, if led by Global Health Leaders, can immunise groups from violent conflict and its downstream effects through formal and informal educational initiatives. Specifically, this approaches can include tracking early warnings of violence, creating predictive models of its outbreak, and working with local public health and medical experts to mitigate emerging conflict [95].…”

Section: Armed Conflicts On the Path Of Universal Health Coveragementioning

confidence: 99%

Perspective Chapter: Armed Conflict and Its Impact on Human Migration – The Healthcare Perspective

Kenkoh Nkiese,

Kininla Wirba

2024

Sustainable Development

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Armed conflict can result in loss of human life, displace people, and violate human rights. While human migration often results from various causes like the search for food and shelter, armed conflicts also cause migration. Most armed conflicts stem from bad governance and religious radicalism. With bad governance, revendication from the marginalised often results in severe opposite repression from the state instead of dialogue. Migration from armed conflict imposes a disproportionate distribution of the population with the displaced lodged in camps thanks to some United Nations (UN) agencies like the High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), the World Food Program (WFP), the UN Population Fund (UNFPA), and the United Nation Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF), in the areas of food provision, shelter, and medical care to the displaced and affected populations. Refugee camps can become an epicentre for diseases outbreaks like Tuberculosis, childhood diarrhoea, cholera, and HIV. Health workers are caught in the web, being attacked by armed groups, taking care of the wounded, while caring for themselves as well. It is important to address the major causes of armed conflict if we truly want to attain Universal Health Coverage, maintain a peaceful world, and achieve the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030.

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“…Ideally, war should be prevented altogether by focusing on primary prevention strategies. Research in this area is urgently needed [ 11 – 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention of War: A Scoping Review on Primary Preventive Measures in Public Health

Brake,

Razum

2024

Public Health Rev

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Objectives: Wars and armed conflicts have a major impact on population health. As the discipline of public health aims to increase the health at population level, professionals play a significant role in dealing with war and armed conflict. There is need for research on prevention. This study aims to map the literature on existing public health approaches addressing the primary prevention of war and/or armed conflict.Methods: We performed a scoping review in the databases Web of Science, PubMed and Google Scholar, followed by a narrative synthesis.Results: We included 15 studies. We identified three main themes regarding preventive measures: 1) research on root causes of conflicts, surveillance and documentation of its health consequences; 2) education and awareness raising on the consequences of conflicts; and 3) interventions to change socio-economic and political conditions conducive to conflicts.Conclusion: A two-tiered conceptual framework emerges: For primary prevention of war, public health should promote human rights and the rule of law. To prevent armed conflict within states, public health should address the social determinants of health and aim to reduce poverty and inequity.

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Mitigating the global health threat of violent conflict: a preventive framework

Cited by 4 publications

References 15 publications

Hodges’ model: the Sustainable Development Goals and public health – universal health coverage demands a universal framework

Hodges’ model: the Sustainable Development Goals and public health – universal health coverage demands a universal framework

Perspective Chapter: Armed Conflict and Its Impact on Human Migration – The Healthcare Perspective

Prevention of War: A Scoping Review on Primary Preventive Measures in Public Health

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