Mitigating Negative Consequences Of Community Violence Exposure: Perspectives From African American Youth

Woods‐Jaeger, Briana; Berkley‐Patton, Jannette; Piper, Kaitlin; O'Connor, Paige; Renfro, Tiffaney L.; Christensen, Kelsey

doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2019.00607

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…For African Americans, frequent experiences with racism also interfered with their receiving support after violence exposure. 23 Chronic disease prevention and control programs in such communities could directly identify any issues of community violence and how, if at all, they may affect program implementation and outcomes. When necessary, such programs could explore how to address the potential influences of ETV on chronic disease-related risk behaviors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is important to note that community violence, specifically, is also a consequence of the structural inequalities (e.g., segregation, discrimination, and community disinvestment) 49 created by racism that unjustly burden African Americans’ lives. 49 Therefore it takes structural changes and multi-sector collaborations 23 between mental health services, schools, churches, and community to mitigate such health inequities as a result of violence exposure. Finally, these findings underscore the importance of addressing violence exposure among youth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…schools and law enforcement) to community violence experienced by African American youth. 23 Cumulative and chronic ETV among African American youth increases psychological and physiological stress, 24 which increases the risk of chronic conditions. 15,16…”

Section: Purposementioning

confidence: 99%

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The Longitudinal Association Between Exposure to Violence and Patterns of Health Risk Behaviors Among African American Youth

et al. 2021

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Purpose: We investigate whether exposure to violence (ETV) during adolescence and emerging adulthood predicts engagement in chronic disease-related health risk behaviors years later among African Americans. Design: A longitudinal study following youth from mid-adolescence (mean age = 14.8 years) to young adulthood (mean age = 32.0 years). Setting: Flint, Michigan. Sample: Four hundred forty-two African American (96.2%) and mixed African American and White (3.8%) participants. Measures: Outcomes were diet, smoking, drinking, and physical inactivity. Covariates were ETV, sex, mother’s educational attainment, and substance use by siblings, peers, and parents. Analysis: Latent profile analysis was conducted to identify distinct patterns of adult health risk behaviors and assess the association of youth ETV and identified patterns. Results: Four latent profiles were identified: high substance use (n = 46; 10.41%) , high overall risk (n = 71; 16.06%) , low overall risk ( n = 140; 31.67%) and inactive (n = 185, 41.86%). Relative to the low overall risk profile, ETV was associated with being in the high overall risk profile (b = 0.37, p = 0.04), but not other profiles. Female gender and higher maternal education were associated with being in the inactive profile compared to the low overall risk profile. Peer alcohol and tobacco use were associated with being in the high substance use profile. Conclusion: ETV during adolescence and emerging adulthood increased the risk of engagement in multiple health risk behaviors later in life.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Longitudinal Association Between Exposure to Violence and Patterns of Health Risk Behaviors Among African American Youth

et al. 2021

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“…A brief anonymous survey was completed prior to the start of each focus group to characterize the sample and included: demographics, the Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire (ACE-Q) Teen self-report questionnaire, 24 the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) 25 adapted for violence exposure, and the adolescent social capital scale. 26…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Building a Contextually-Relevant Understanding of Resilience among African American Youth Exposed to Community Violence

Woods‐Jaeger

Siedlik

Adams

et al. 2020

Behavioral Medicine

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Studies consistently demonstrate that African American youth experience disproportionate levels of community violence, which is associated with negative health and well-being outcomes among these youth. The frequency and severity of community violence exposure is a unique challenge for these youth and requires tailored approaches to promote resilience after community violence exposure. However, limited research exists that operationalizes resilience after community violence based on the unique context and lived experience of African American youth. Developing a more contextually relevant understanding of resilience is critical to reducing health inequities experienced by African American youth and promoting their well-being. Five focus groups were conducted with 39 African American adolescents (ages 13-18) exposed to community violence. Participants also completed a brief survey that included questions on demographics, adverse childhood experiences, social capital, and resilience. Focus-group transcripts were independently coded by two members of the research team and analyzed using an inductive approach. Youth highlighted key indicators of resilience including the ability to persevere, self-regulate, and change to adapt/ improve. Youth also described family, peer, and cultural contexts that impact how resilience is produced and manifested, highlighting trust, perceived burdensomeness, self-determination, connectedness, and mental health stigma as key factors within these contexts. Results of this qualitative study support the development of health promotion programs for African American youth exposed to community violence that address unique risks and build on existing protective factors within family, peer, and cultural contexts.

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“…In the present study, non-Hispanic Black individuals had the highest incidence of nonfatal firearm-related injuries, sustaining nonfatal firearm-related injuries at a rate 40 times higher than that among Asian individuals, 21 times higher than that among White individuals, and 6 times higher than that among Hispanic individuals. Previous literature has demonstrated factors associated with firearm-related injuries, including income inequality, 22,23 lack of trust in institutions, 24 lack of government spending on education and social and public services, 25 barriers to social mobility, 26 and racial segregation. 27,28 Racial segregation and lack of government spending on social safety nets and education systems can affect upward social mobility and is associated with interpersonal violence.…”

Section: Jama Network Open | Public Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Annual Incidence of Hospitalization for Nonfatal Firearm-Related Injuries in New York From 2005 to 2016

et al. 2021

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Mitigating Negative Consequences Of Community Violence Exposure: Perspectives From African American Youth

Cited by 22 publications

References 38 publications

The Longitudinal Association Between Exposure to Violence and Patterns of Health Risk Behaviors Among African American Youth

The Longitudinal Association Between Exposure to Violence and Patterns of Health Risk Behaviors Among African American Youth

Building a Contextually-Relevant Understanding of Resilience among African American Youth Exposed to Community Violence

Annual Incidence of Hospitalization for Nonfatal Firearm-Related Injuries in New York From 2005 to 2016

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