Mitigating information leakage during critical communication using S*FSM

Abstract

Security-centric components and systems, such as System-on-Chip early-boot communication protocols and ultraspecific lightweight devices, require a departure from minimalist design constructs. The need for built-in protection mechanisms, at all levels of design, is paramount to providing cost-effective, efficient, secure systems. In this work, Securely derived Finite State Machines (S*FSM) and power-aware S*FSM are proposed and studied. Overall results show that to provide an S*FSM, the typical FSM requires a 50% increase in the number of states and a 57% increase in the number of product terms needed to define the state transitions. These increases translate to a minimum encoding space increase of 70%, raising the average encoding length from 4.8 bits to 7.9 bits. When factoring in relaxed structural constraints for power and space mitigation, the respective increases of 53 and 67% raise the average number of bits needed to 7.3 and 7.9. Regarding power savings, current minimisation is possible for both FSMs and S*FSMs through the addition of encoding constraints with average current reductions of 30 and 70%, respectively. Overall, a power-constrained S*FSM consumes about 5% more power than insecure FSMs with binary encodings, though with a penalty of a 95% increase in layout area.

SD‐SHO: Security‐dominated finite state machine state assignment technique with a satisfactory level of hardware optimization

“…Hence, an error e in the binary Galois field is defined as e ¼ e z 1 ; 7,32]. Thus, the error masking equation for C is given in Equation (3).…”

“…Therefore, the error masking set XðeÞ for C is defined as the set of z 1 0 s, which satisfies Equation (3). It is defined by Equation (4).…”

“…Hence, designing such a control unit is done using the finite state machine (FSM). The FSM state assignment technique plays a vital role in FSM optimization focusing on security and hardware optimality [3].…”

“…In other words, hardware-optimality becomes an essential element while forming an FSM state encoding technique [4,5]. Nowadays, digital systems are susceptible to fault-injection and side-channel attacks where faults are injected by an attacker into the system to retrieve information or change its functionality [3,6]. Thus, hardwaresecurity drives the attention of the researchers while designing such systems [6][7][8].…”