“…Of the 44 articles selected for extraction, 22 (50%) focused on academic medicine in general rather than on a specific medical area 26,39,43,44,46,50,52–54,56–60,63,68,70,71,75,78–80 ; the remaining publications focused on cardiology (n = 4, 9%), 42,69,72,74 radiology (n = 4, 9%), 61,64,66,73 emergency medicine (n = 2, 5%), 41,55 hematology or transfusion medicine (2, 5%), 40,47 ophthalmology (n = 2, 5%), 48,62 oncology (n = 2, 5%), 45,49 psychiatry (n = 1, 3%), 67 obstetrics and gynecology (n = 1, 3%), 81 osteopathic medicine (n = 1, 3%), 77 pediatrics (n = 1, 3%), 76 surgery (n = 1, 3%), 51 and urology (n = 1, 3%). 65 Articles were divided into 2 broad categories: nonempirical articles that did not collect or analyze primary or secondary data (n = 15, 34%) 26,48–50,54,59,60,68–70,72,73,77,79,80 and empirical articles that collected and/or analyzed data (n = 29; 66%). 39–47,51–53,55–58,61–67,71,74–76,78,81…”