Misuse of the term “bentonite” for ash beds of Devonian age in the Appalachian basin

Roen, John B.; Hosterman, John W.

doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1982)93<921:mottbf>2.0.co;2

Cited by 23 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Weaver, 1963;Ross, 1955;Smith, 1967) (Fig. Roen and Hosterman (1982), working on Devonian ash-derived clay-rich beds in the Appalachian basin, have recently advocated restriction of the term bentonite to layers consisting essentially of smectite regardless of the precursor material and to use the term ash beds for those older layers consisting largely of nonsmectite clays such as kaolinite, illite, and mixed layer minerals ( Fig. Bohor et aI.…”

Section: Bentonites and Tonsteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pyroclastic Rocks

Fisher¹,

Schmincke²

1984

1,219

590

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Section: Bentonites and Tonsteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(AfterRoen and Hosterman, 1982) X-ray diffractogram tract:s of bentonite from the type locality (Wyoming) (left) and Devonian altered ash bed ("bentonite") (Appalachian Basin) (right).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyroclastic Rocks

Fisher¹,

Schmincke²

1984

1,219

590

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“…The bed is characterized by abundant bleached mica flakes that are visible to the naked eye. These are normally biotite elsewhere (Dennison and Textoris, 1971;Roen and Hosterman, 1982), but in the Stroudsburg area, X-ray and thin-section analyses show that the biotite has been altered to ripidolite. As seen in thin section, the biotite is the most abundant crystal in the tuffaceous sediment.…”

Section: Stroudsburg Membermentioning

confidence: 99%

Onesquethawan stratigraphy (Lower and Middle Devonian) of northeastern Pennsylvania

Epstein¹

1984

Professional Paper

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Lower and Middle Devonian clastic rocks and limestones of the Onesquethawan Stage in the Valley and Ridge province of the Lehigh and Delaware Valleys of eastern Pennsylvania include the Esopus and Schoharie Formations, the Buttermilk Falls Limestone, and the Palmerton Sandstone. The Buttermilk Falls Limestone in Godfrey Ridge in the eastern part of the area is divided into three new members, from oldest to youngest: the Foxtown, McMichael, and Stroudsburg Members. The Palmerton Sandstone is present only southwest of Godfrey Ridge where it replaces the upper part of the Schoharie Formation and the basal Buttermilk Falls beds. The entire Onesquethawan sequence thins from about 560 feet (171 m) near Stroudsburg to 195 feet (59 m) along the northeast extension of the Pennsylvania Turnpike near Bowmanstown, a distance of 37 miles (60 km). The Tioga Ash Bed, which marks the top of the Onesquethawan Stage, lies immediately above the Buttermilk Falls near the Lehigh River and 27 feet (8 m) below the top of the Buttermilk Falls at Stroudsburg. These rocks were extensively leached by pre-Wisconsinan weathering southwest of the Wisconsinan terminal moraine near Saylorsburg. Outcrops are sparse in this area of deep weathering. The members of the Buttermilk Falls Limestone cannot be distinguished, and the Esopus and Schoharie Formations cannot be separated regionally, although they can be differentiated at a few localities of good exposure. some maps), 3,000 feet (914 m) east of Saylorsburg, Saylorsburg quadrangle. 7. Buttermilk Falls Limestone and part of the Palmerton Sandstone, clay pits of Universal Atlas Cement Co., 3.5 miles (5.6 km) east of Kunkletown, Pa., Kunkletown quadrangle. 8. Palmerton Sandstone and Schoharie and Esopus Formations, undivided, roadcut 1,600 feet (488 m) southwest of Little Gap, Pa., Palmerton quadrangle (Swartz and Swartz,

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“…The Tioga ash zone is a series of at least six layers of brown, yellowish-brown, or brownish-gray micaceous shale (Way and Smith, 1985) and contains up to 45 percent biotite (Roen and Hosterman, 1982). Roden and others (1990)…”

Section: Tioga Ash Bedsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subsurface Stratigraphy and Petrophysical Analysis of the Middle Devonian Interval, Including the Marcellus Shale, of the Central Appalachian Basin; Northwestern Pennsylvania

Yanni¹

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In the central Appalachian basin, the multiple organic-rich intervals of the Middle Devonian, including the Marcellus Shale, are an emerging large resource play with high economic potential (estimated 1,307 trillion cubic feet of recoverable gas). This resource play was evaluated by examining the patterns of organic-richness, lithology, stratigraphic distribution, and other depositional characteristics. Using logs from wells throughout northwestern Pennsylvania (940 wells) integrated with core data, the subsurface lithostratigraphic boundaries were defined and correlated for the Marcellus and associated units throughout the study area. Past studies of the Middle Devonian interval have not rigorously defined the lithostratigraphic boundaries in the subsurface and instead relied on limited petrophysical criteria (i.e. un-scaled gamma-ray). In this study, the interval was defined in the subsurface by using a multiple well log approach including the following curves: gammaray, bulk density, resistivity, photo electric, and neutron porosity. Using previous studies on organic-rich Marcellus Shale, potential pay intervals were determined and mapped. The high amounts of total organic carbon (TOC) are correlated to more gas-rich intervals and vary significantly, both stratigraphically and spatially. A correlation was observed between uranium content derived from spectral gamma-ray logs and TOC. The relationship among gas content, TOC, and uranium in the Appalachian basin was evaluated using multiple petrophysical analyses techniques. The petrophysical results were used to improve regional and local understanding of the distribution and depositional controls on the Marcellus Shale. Numerous maps and cross sections were constructed to better display local and regional depositional patterns of Middle Devonian units across the central Appalachian basin including the Onondaga Limestone, Marcellus Shale, Mahantango Formation, Tully Limestone, and Genesee Formation. I would like to thank my fellow Mountaineers for their constant support and encouragement: Dr. Timothy R. Carr, for accepting me as a student, providing financial assistance, and constantly and consistently guiding me throughout this entire project; Dr. Jaime Toro, for serving as both a professional and personal mentor throughout both my undergraduate and graduate degree programs; Dr. Dengliang Gao, for professional mentoring, supporting this project, and his personal introductions and resulting opportunities with international petroleum companies; and Dr. Matthew L. Boyce, for his constant help with this project and for generously sharing his time, data, skill, and knowledge. I would also like to thank my family for their unconditional love and support, my new husband Rodney for his constant love and kindness, and my Great Uncle William Knight for his interest and encouragement. iii iv TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS .

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Misuse of the term “bentonite” for ash beds of Devonian age in the Appalachian basin

Cited by 23 publications

References 0 publications

Pyroclastic Rocks

Pyroclastic Rocks

Onesquethawan stratigraphy (Lower and Middle Devonian) of northeastern Pennsylvania

Subsurface Stratigraphy and Petrophysical Analysis of the Middle Devonian Interval, Including the Marcellus Shale, of the Central Appalachian Basin; Northwestern Pennsylvania

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