Misunderstanding the Female Athlete Triad: Refuting the IOC Consensus Statement on Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S)

Souza, Mary Jane De; Williams, Nancy I.; Nattiv, Aurelia; Joy, Elizabeth A.; Misra, Madhusmita; Loucks, Anne B.; Matheson, Gordon O.; Olmsted, Marion P.; Barrack, Michelle T.; Mallinson, Rebecca J.; Gibbs, Jenna C.; Goolsby, Marci; Nichols, Jeanne F.; Drinkwater, Barbara L.; Sanborn, Charlotte barney; Agostini, Rosemary; Otis, Carol L.; Johnson, Mimi D.; Hoch, Anne Z.; Alleyne, Julia; Wadsworth, L. Tyler; Koehler, Karsten; VanHeest, Jaci L.; Harvey, Paula; Kelly, Amanda K. Weiss; Fredericson, Michael; Brooks, George A.; O’Donnell, Emma; Callahan, Lisa; Putukian, Margot; Costello, Lisa C.; Hecht, Suzanne; Rauh, Mitchell J.; McComb, Jacalyn J. Robert

doi:10.1136/bjsports-2014-093958

Cited by 73 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…A small body of research supports the concept that male athletes also appear to be susceptible to inadequate energy availability and may experience adverse health consequences as a result. 66,67 A survey of female high school athletes revealed that one third had disordered eating; disordered eating was correlated with an increased risk of musculoskeletal injury. 68 …”

Section: Unhealthy Weight Loss Attributable To Inadequate Energy (Calmentioning

confidence: 99%

Promotion of Healthy Weight-Control Practices in Young Athletes

et al. 2017

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Children and adolescents may participate in sports that favor a particular body type. Some sports, such as gymnastics, dance, and distance running, emphasize a slim or lean physique for aesthetic or performance reasons. Participants in weight-class sports, such as wrestling and martial arts, may attempt weight loss so they can compete at a lower weight class. Other sports, such as football and bodybuilding, highlight a muscular physique; young athletes engaged in these sports may desire to gain weight and muscle mass. This clinical report describes unhealthy methods of weight loss and gain as well as policies and approaches used to curb these practices. The report also reviews healthy strategies for weight loss and weight gain and provides recommendations for pediatricians on how to promote healthy weight control in young athletes.

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Section: Unhealthy Weight Loss Attributable To Inadequate Energy (Calmentioning

confidence: 99%

Promotion of Healthy Weight-Control Practices in Young Athletes

et al. 2017

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“…In addition to treating the stress injury, it is also important to address the underlying reasons which predisposed the patient to the fracture. For example menstrual abnormality may occur in as many as 51% of endurance runners [18] …”

Section: Overview Of Female Athlete Triad and Bone Stress Injuriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Female athlete triad: At breaking point

Duignan

O’Connor

2017

International Emergency Nursing

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“…They emphasize a broader impact that low EA may have on additional physiological systems outside of the hypothalamic pituitary gonadal axis and bone [99]. The juxtaposition of this recent IOC statement with existing Triad literature has generated debate and confusion [18 100 101]. The authors propose that “relative energy deficiency” (which is not quantitatively defined) is a common problem for both females and males in sport, and that its effects are widespread across a variety of organ systems [99].…”

Section: Female Athlete Triad and Relative Energy Deficiency In Sportmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The clinical, behavioral, and physiological consequences of the Triad are extensive and include clinical eating disorders and DE, osteopenia, transient infertility, dyslipidemia, impaired endothelial function [7–9], performance-related issues such as stress fractures [10–12], fatigue, and decrements in competitive performance [13]. Much progress has been made in our understanding of the underlying behaviors and physiology of these conditions [14–16] as well as the creation of practical recommendations for prevention, screening, treatment, and return to play [2 17 18]. However, many gaps still exist in the literature as well as in the translation of research into practice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Female Athlete Triad

Williams

Statuta

Austin

2017

Clinics in Sports Medicine

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Synopsis Despite over three decades of research on the Female Athlete Triad, research gaps remain. Although low energy availability (EA) is the key etiological factor in the Triad and the pathways to low EA are varied, its effects can be modified by several factors. As such, a more individualized approach to identifying and treating low EA is warranted. Accurate screening, diagnosis, and treatment of disordered eating (DE) remains a challenge, however, recent techniques combined with novel educational and behavior interventions prove promising. Recently published practice based guidelines have helped to translate Triad science and should improve as they are refined. Our goal in this paper is to identify the current state of research and distinguish areas that require further investigation.

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Misunderstanding the Female Athlete Triad: Refuting the IOC Consensus Statement on Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S)

Cited by 73 publications

References 61 publications

Promotion of Healthy Weight-Control Practices in Young Athletes

Promotion of Healthy Weight-Control Practices in Young Athletes

Female athlete triad: At breaking point

Female Athlete Triad

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