“…The extensive debate about the transatlantic rift tends to focus on the substantive sources of the disagreements: divergence in norms (Risse, 2003), Judith Kelley Strategic Non-cooperation as Soft Balancing 154 capability gaps, and the variation in domestic and geopolitical interests (Walt, 1998;Asmus and Pollack, 2002;Kupchan, 2002Kupchan, , 2003Cooper, 2003a, b;Cox, 2003;Daalder, 2001;Hoffmann, 2003;Joffe, 2003;Kagan, 2003a, b;Lambert, 2003;Pond, 2003;Gordon and Shapiro, 2004). These are essential elements of the transatlantic relationship.…”