Mississippian Oolite and Non-Supratidal Dolomite Reservoirs in the Ste. Genevieve Formation, North Bridgeport Field, Illinois Basin

Choquette, Philip W.; Steinen, Randolph P.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-5040-1_13

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…, 1989), even cortical overgrowths (stage II) may have a cement component. It has been generally assumed that dolomite‐crystal cortices originate by replacement of CaCO 3 particles (preferentially lime‐mud or micrite) (Murray, 1960; Lucia, 1962; Choquette & Steinen, 1985; Harris & Meyers, 1987; Choquette et al. , 1992; Purser et al.…”

Section: The Nature and Origin Of Crystal Corticesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whether CaCO 3 dissolution was actually part of the process, or was related to a later event, such as a lower stand of sea‐level and the availability and access of meteoric water to partially dolomitized limestones, is debatable (Davies & Wendte, 2005; Jones, 2005). Early studies (Murray, 1960; Weyl, 1960; Murray & Lucia, 1967; Choquette & Steinen, 1980, 1985) suggested an intrinsic relationship in which the dissolution of undolomitized micrite and CaCO 3 grains was the terminating phase of the dolomitization process itself. Inclusions, especially in cortices, confirm that these in part replaced a CaCO 3 precursor.…”

Section: Dolomites As Event‐driven Phenomenamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shallow‐burial dolomite cement: a major component of many ancient sucrosic dolomites

Choquette

Hiatt²

2007

Sedimentology

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114

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Dolomite cement is a significant and widespread component of Phanerozoic sucrosic dolomites. Cements in dolomites that were never deeply buried are limpid, have planar faces (non-saddle forms), often distinct zonation in cathodoluminescence and form syntaxial overgrowths on crystals facing pores. Five samples of sucrosic dolomites, interpreted as having had mostly limemudstone or wackestone precursors in four carbonate aquifers, provide insights into the abundance of planar cements in sucrosic dolomites. Such cement comprises 11% to 45% (32% mean) of peritidal to sub-tidal dolomites on an outcrop in the Edwards aquifer (Early Cretaceous) of central Texas; 19% to 33% (25% mean) of ramp dolomites in the Hawthorn Group (Oligo-Miocene) and 50% to 70% in shelf dolomites of the Avon Park Formation (Eocene) in the Upper Floridan aquifer of sub-surface peninsular Florida; 18% to 45% (32+% mean) of sub-tidal shelf dolomites in quarry sections of the Burlington-Keokuk Formation (Early Mississippian) in south-eastern Iowa; and 18% to 76% (50% mean) in shallow cores and outcrops of outer-shelf dolomites from the Gambier Limestone (Oligo-Miocene) of South Australia. Backstripping the cement phases revealed by cathodoluminescence colour photomicrographs documents the effects of cements on textural coarsening, pore-space reduction, induration and general 'maturation' of these dolomites. Most pre-Holocene dolomites are multiphase crystalline rocks composed of: (i) seed crystals or 'cores'; (ii) crystal cortices that concentrically enlarged the cores; and (iii) free-space, syntaxial precipitates of limpid cement around the crystals. Remaining CaCO 3 grains and micrite can be replaced by dolomite, but typically they are dissolved between stages (ii) and (iii), creating systems of intercrystal and mouldic pores typical of sucrosic dolomites. Networks of cement overgrowths, aided by water-filled pore systems under hydrostatic to lithostatic pressure, are judged to slow or prevent compaction in sucrosic dolomites. It can be argued that cortex growth involves both replacement of CaCO 3 particles and microcementation of their interparticle pores. This interpretation, and the abundance of cements in so many dolomites, would obviate the controversy over the volumetrics of 'replacement dolomitization'. Limpid, planar and syntaxial dolomite cements of early diagenetic origin are interpreted to have precipitated from clear pore waters, at low temperatures (<30 to 35°C) and shallow burial depths (<100 m), in water-saturated networks of dolomite 'silt' and 'sand'. Cements in many dolomites in island and continental-aquifer systems appear to result from event-driven processes related to sea-level highstands. Cementation events can follow 'replacement 1

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Section: The Nature and Origin Of Crystal Corticesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dolomites As Event‐driven Phenomenamentioning

confidence: 99%

Shallow‐burial dolomite cement: a major component of many ancient sucrosic dolomites

Choquette

Hiatt²

2007

Sedimentology

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114

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“…Two similar stages are noted by Choquette and Steinen (1985) in the Ste. Genevieve oolite grainstones in the North Bridgeport field in southeastern Illinois.…”

Section: Petrographymentioning

confidence: 68%

“…3B). Similar isopachous fringing cement is interpreted by Choquette and Steinen (1985)as an early marine cement. The second stage of cementation consists of coarse blocky calcite spar (Fig.…”

Section: Petrographymentioning

confidence: 91%

Microporosity in the O’Hara oolite zone of the Mississippian Ste. Genevieve Limestone, Hopkins County, Kentucky, and its implications for formation evaluation

Asquith

1986

Carbonates Evaporites

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Recent research in carbonate provinces has shown that micritized oolite grainstones may develop a bimodal pore system containing both micro and mega porosities. However, the extent and frequency of bimodal pore system occurrence has not yet been determined. Bimodal pore systems in oolites have been reported in the Silurian Interlake, Jurassic Smackover, and Cretaceous Sligo and Rodessa formations. Recognition of the presence of microporosity has significant implications for accurate assessment of the hydrocarbon potential of oolitic carbonate reservoirs. These reservoirs require specialized petrophysical log analysis because of their unique characteristics New evidence has identified another formation with a bimodal pore system -the O'Hara oolite zone in the Mississippian Ste. Genevieve Limestone, located in the southeastern portion of the lllinois basin. The Ste. Genevieve Limestone is a major oilreservoir occurringas thin, lenticular oolite grainstone bars. Petrographic and SEM analysis of the O'Hara oolite in Hopkins County, Kentucky, clearly shows micritized oolites with microporosity in the Interstate Drilling Anita Gamm no. 1 well. The intragranular microporosity within the micritized ooids and the intergranular porosity between the ooids form a bimodal pore system. Two stages of cementation occur: marine isopachous fringing calcite cement and fresh water phreatic blocky calcite spar.Conventional log analysis, employing the Archie water saturation method, indicates high bulk volume water values of .053 in the Anita Gamm no. 1 well. The bulk volume water values suggest that the oolite zone is above irreducible water saturation and will produce water rather than hydrocarbons. However, the opposite happened when the well was produced: initial production was water-free. The Archie Method produces erroneous data because of the presence of the bimodal pore system. The high bound water content in the oolite's microporosity causes data distortion. If, however, the Ratio water saturation method is used instead of the Archie Method for determining bulk volume water, the relevant values are significantly reduced. Bulk volume water values become 0.034. Thus, the well can be accurately evaluated as productive. Study in other areas seems to verify that the Ratio Method has greater validity than the Archie Method when microporosity is present, and should be used to avoid bypassing hydrocarbon-productive reservoirs. FIG. 1-Map of the Illinois Basin; the well symbol indicates the location of the #1 Anita Gamm well in Hopkins County, Kentucky. Contours are depth below sea level of the top of the St. Louis Limestone (base of the Ste. Genevieve Limestone.).

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“…Other examples of facies-selective dolomitization of carbonate mudstones have since been described, particularly from peritidal to shallow inner-ramp successions (e.g. Choquette & Steinen 1980, 1985Longman et al 1983;Wegelin 1987;Johnson 1994).…”

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confidence: 97%

Geometry and origin of dolomudstone reservoirs: Pekisko Formation (Lower Carboniferous), western Canada

Hopkins

2004

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Dolomudstones of the Pekisko Formation in western Canada form small but important oil and gas reservoirs. The reservoirs are irregularly shaped bodies 1 km or so wide and commonly 5-8 m thick. Porosity development within the dolomudstones is a complex function of sedimentation, early facies-selective dolomitization and later telogenetic leaching of calcareous components.The carbonate sediment precursor of the dolomudstone, interpreted from relict textures preserved in chert nodules, was a microwackestone with abundant silt-sized skeletal fragments. Dolomudstone reservoirs are comprised of dolomudstones, calcareous dolomudstones, and subordinate interbedded dolowackestones and dolograinstones. Some dolomudstone reservoirs are contained entirely within grainstones. Others are capped by tight fenestral lime mudstone that has been dolomitized locally. Dolomitization has been most intense within the centres of these reservoirs, and dolomudstones grade laterally into calcareous dolomudstones.The association of facies indicates that microwackestones were deposited in subtidal intershoal and lagoonal environments on an inner ramp. Grainstone shoals provided a broad barrier that absorbed wave energy seaward of the lagoon. Fenestral lime mudstones accumulated in peritidal environments in restricted areas of the inner ramp, landward of the lagoon. Dolomitization is interpreted to have been early and selective to the microwackestone facies because it retained permeability or was reactive during early burial. Dolomitizing fluids were most probably derived from overlying formations and made their way downwards through spatially separated conduits. The Pekisko Formation was exposed and sculptured at several Jurassic-Early Cretaceous unconformities. During these times, sandstones and shales were deposited in solution cavities developed within the dolomudstones. Concomitant leaching of calcite increased porosity of the dolomudstone reservoirs.

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Mississippian Oolite and Non-Supratidal Dolomite Reservoirs in the Ste. Genevieve Formation, North Bridgeport Field, Illinois Basin

Cited by 14 publications

References 7 publications

Shallow‐burial dolomite cement: a major component of many ancient sucrosic dolomites

Shallow‐burial dolomite cement: a major component of many ancient sucrosic dolomites

Microporosity in the O’Hara oolite zone of the Mississippian Ste. Genevieve Limestone, Hopkins County, Kentucky, and its implications for formation evaluation

Geometry and origin of dolomudstone reservoirs: Pekisko Formation (Lower Carboniferous), western Canada

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