Missions and Mission Lands of Alta California

Gentilcore, R. Louis

doi:10.1111/j.1467-8306.1961.tb00368.x

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Unlike many states to the east, where federal land sales had encouraged the development of small family farms with secure titles, land ownership in California was both concentrated and also contested in the 1850s. During Spanish colonial times, the Franciscan order had created a network of 21 missions in Alta California, the sites being “well drained basins, valley floors, and piedmont areas” (Gentilcore 1961: 51). These missions existed to save the souls of Native Americans but were also highly productive agricultural and industrial enterprises, the largest exceeding 130,000 acres (Gates 1958: 215).…”

Section: The Spanish Colonial Influencementioning

confidence: 99%

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Ricardo, Gold, and Rails: Discovering the Origins ofProgress and Poverty

England

2010

American J Econ Sociol

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Henry George's Progress and Poverty was one of the most widely read books of the 19th century. It is important to acknowledge the influence of classical writers such as Smith and Ricardo on George's thought. However, the content of George's most popular work cannot be fully appreciated unless one takes account of the historical period and social context within which its author came to maturity: Philadelphia and California before 1879 are part of the story of Progress and Poverty (1979).

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Section: The Spanish Colonial Influencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…These missions existed to save the souls of Native Americans but were also highly productive agricultural and industrial enterprises, the largest exceeding 130,000 acres (Gates 1958: 215). During the 1820s, mission pastures for large herds of sheep and cattle covered perhaps 11.8 million acres (Gentilcore 1961: 60–69).…”

Section: The Spanish Colonial Influencementioning

confidence: 99%

Ricardo, Gold, and Rails: Discovering the Origins ofProgress and Poverty

England

2010

American J Econ Sociol

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“…The backbone of the system consisted of twenty-one Franciscan missions with the express goal of converting the aboriginal population to Spanish culture. Grains, orchards, various garden crops, and livestock provided sustenance for this colonization effort (Gentilcore, 1961). Because of various social and environmental factors, the Franciscans achieved mixed success in their farming efforts: While some missions prospered and generated a food surplus, other settlements struggled along at a subsistence level and survived only because of an intricate system of food sharing between the missions, pueblos, and presidios.…”

Section: Spanish Settlement In Californiamentioning

confidence: 99%

A crop-based rainfall chronology for pre-instrumental record southern California

Rowntree

1985

Climatic Change

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Although measured climatic records begin in California about 1850, agricultural records from the earlier Spanish period can be used to develop information about annual precipitation. This historical material should be used, however, only with a full understanding of the numerous cultural variables that influenced agricultural production. A study by Iynch in 1931, which is widely cited in the literature of Pacific Coast climate reconstruction, contains serious shortcomings because of incorrect assumptions about the Spanish agricultural system, and, more specificaUy, the amount of climatic information expressed in yearly harvest data. In this article, mission data are analyzed more rigorously to produce a revised annual rainfall index for southern California that encompasses most of the pre-instrumental record period.

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Historical Settlement

Smith

2017

International Encyclopedia of Geography

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This entry traces the evolution of world human settlement from roughly 12 000 bp to the end of the European colonial period. It begins with the Neolithic Age and explains how the agricultural revolution enabled settlements to develop. Over time key locations (or cultural hearths) blessed with fertile lands and abundant water (Mesopotamia, the Nile Valley, Indus Valley, and Huang He/Yellow Valley) saw their populations grow. Beginning in the fifteenth century bce , Greek cities emerged only to be supplanted by Roman influences. With the fall of the Roman Empire, settlement growth shifted to present‐day Europe where feudalistic influences shaped where people lived. As the age of enlightenment encouraged European governments to expand their zone of influence, distinct settlements emerged in the Western Hemisphere. The entry ends with an explanation of how European settlement of the New World progressed in three main stages.

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Missions and Mission Lands of Alta California

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Ricardo, Gold, and Rails: Discovering the Origins ofProgress and Poverty

Ricardo, Gold, and Rails: Discovering the Origins ofProgress and Poverty

A crop-based rainfall chronology for pre-instrumental record southern California

Historical Settlement

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