Missing the information needed to perform ROC analysis? Then compute d′, not the diagnosticity ratio.

Mickes, Laura; Moreland, Molly B.; Clark, Steven E.; Wixted, John T.

doi:10.1016/j.jarmac.2014.04.007

Cited by 57 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…As an alternative to the diagnosticity ratio, Mickes and colleagues (Mickes, Moreland, Clark, & Wixted, 2014) recommend computing a measure derived from signal detection theory: d' = zHits -zFalse Alarms. The proportion of guilty suspect identifications in the target-present condition is treated as the hit rate and the proportion of innocent suspect misidentifications in the target-absent condition is treated as the false alarm rate (Clark, 2012).…”

Section: D'mentioning

confidence: 99%

Face-off: A new identification procedure for child eyewitnesses.

Price

Fitzgerald²

2016

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied

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In 2 experiments, we introduce a new "face-off" procedure for child eyewitness identifications. The new procedure, which is premised on reducing the stimulus set size, was compared with the showup and simultaneous procedures in Experiment 1 and with modified versions of the simultaneous and elimination procedures in Experiment 2. Several benefits of the face-off procedure were observed: it was significantly more diagnostic than the showup procedure; it led to significantly more correct rejections of target-absent lineups than the simultaneous procedures in both experiments, and it led to greater information gain than the modified elimination and simultaneous procedures. The face-off procedure led to consistently more conservative responding than the simultaneous procedures in both experiments. Given the commonly cited concern that children are too lenient in their decision criteria for identification tasks, the face-off procedure may offer a concrete technique to reduce children's high choosing rates. (PsycINFO Database Record

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Section: D'mentioning

confidence: 99%

Face-off: A new identification procedure for child eyewitnesses.

Price

Fitzgerald²

2016

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied

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“…However, the accuracy of SDT memory estimates rest on several assumptions that may not hold in the context of lineups (Mickes, Moreland, Clark, & Wixted, 2014). For example, SDT indices assume that the target and lure distributions have equal variances, which in practice is seldom the case (Verde, MacMillan, & Rotello, 2006), especially in studies of recognition memory (Ratcliff, Sheu, & Gronlund, 1992).…”

Section: Roc Approach To Examining Age-related Differences In Id Accumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using this method, adults' lineup performance has been associated with a higher diagnosticity ratio than children's (6 -to-12 years), and therefore linked with better lineup performance (e.g., Fitzgerald, Whiting, Therrien, & Price, 2014). However, the diagnosticity ratio conflates memory sensitivity and response bias (see Mickes, et al, 2014).…”

Section: Roc Approach To Examining Age-related Differences In Id Accumentioning

confidence: 99%

Receiver operating characteristic analysis of age-related changes in lineup performance

Humphries

Flowe

2015

Journal of Experimental Child Psychology

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In the basic face memory literature, support has been found for the late maturation hypothesis, which holds that face recognition ability is not fully developed until at least adolescence. Support for the late maturation hypothesis in the criminal lineup identification literature, however, has been equivocal, because of the analytic approach that has been used to examine age-related changes in identification performance. Recently, Receiver Operator Characteristics (ROC) analysis was applied for the first time in the adult eyewitness memory literature to examine whether memory sensitivity differs across different types of lineup tests (Gronlund et al. 2012;Mickes, Flowe, & Wixted, 2012). ROC analysis allows for the separation of memory sensitivity from response bias in the analysis of recognition data. Here, we make the first ROC-based comparison of adults' and children's (5-6 years and 9-10 years) memory performance on lineups by reanalysing data from Humphries, Holliday, & Flowe 3 (2012). In line with the late maturation hypothesis, memory sensitivity was significantly greater for adults compared to young children. Memory sensitivity for older children was similar to adults. The results indicate that the late maturation hypothesis can be generalized to account for age-related performance differences on an eyewitness memory task. The implications for developmental eyewitness memory research are discussed.

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“…A culprit-absent line-up will therefore be created that might contain a number of different foils from those included in the culprit-present line-up e.g., 51 , as a real police line-up will be individualized to the specific suspect. To further examine the influence of composite creation on line-up outcomes, combining the results of culprit-present and culprit-absent line-ups would also inform as to whether memory sensitivity or response bias to make a selection is influenced (see for example 52 which discusses the use of signal detection measures for this type of analysis).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Holistic Facial Composite Creation and Subsequent Video Line-up Eyewitness Identification Paradigm

Davis

Maigut

Jolliffe

et al. 2015

JoVE

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The paradigm detailed in this manuscript describes an applied experimental method based on real police investigations during which an eyewitness or victim to a crime may create from memory a holistic facial composite of the culprit with the assistance of a police operator. The aim is that the composite is recognized by someone who believes that they know the culprit. For this paradigm, participants view a culprit actor on video and following a delay, participant-witnesses construct a holistic system facial composite. Controls do not construct a composite. From a series of arrays of computer-generated, but realistic faces, the holistic system construction method primarily requires participant-witnesses to select the facial images most closely meeting their memory of the culprit. Variation between faces in successive arrays is reduced until ideally the final image possesses a close likeness to the culprit. Participant-witness directed tools can also alter facial features, configurations between features and holistic properties (e.g., age, distinctiveness, skin tone), all within a whole face context. The procedure is designed to closely match the holistic manner by which humans' process faces. On completion, based on their memory of the culprit, ratings of composite-culprit similarity are collected from the participant-witnesses. Similar ratings are collected from culprit-acquaintance assessors, as a marker of composite recognition likelihood. Following a further delay, all participants -including the controls -attempt to identify the culprit in either a culprit-present or culprit-absent video line-up, to replicate circumstances in which the police have located the correct culprit, or an innocent suspect. Data of control and participant-witness line-up outcomes are presented, demonstrating the positive influence of holistic composite construction on identification accuracy. Correlational analyses are conducted to measure the relationship between assessor and participant-witness compositeculprit similarity ratings, delay, identification accuracy, and confidence to examine which factors influence video line-up outcomes.

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Missing the information needed to perform ROC analysis? Then compute d′, not the diagnosticity ratio.

Cited by 57 publications

References 14 publications

Face-off: A new identification procedure for child eyewitnesses.

Face-off: A new identification procedure for child eyewitnesses.

Receiver operating characteristic analysis of age-related changes in lineup performance

Holistic Facial Composite Creation and Subsequent Video Line-up Eyewitness Identification Paradigm

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