Missing Step in Man, Monkey and Guinea Pig required for the Biosynthesis of L-Ascorbic Acid

Burns, J. J.

doi:10.1038/180553a0

Cited by 167 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…We utilized the Hartley guinea pig model to investigate the effects of 8 months' exposure to low, medium, and high doses of ascorbic acid on the development of histologic knee OA in vivo. Guinea pigs, like humans, possess a nonfunctional gene for L-gulono-␥-lactone oxidase (10)(11)(12)(13), which renders them unable to synthesize ascorbic acid. Thus, they are dependent on ascorbic acid in the diet to prevent scurvy.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ascorbic acid increases the severity of spontaneous knee osteoarthritis in a guinea pig model

Kraus

Huebner

Stäbler

et al. 2004

Arthritis & Rheumatism

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Objective. To determine whether ascorbic acid might be of benefit for the treatment of spontaneous osteoarthritis (OA) when administered over a long period of time.Methods. We investigated the effects of 8 months' exposure to low, medium, and high doses of ascorbic acid on the in vivo development of histologic knee OA in the male Hartley guinea pig. The low dose represented the minimum amount needed to prevent scurvy. The medium dose was the amount present in standard laboratory guinea pig chow and resulted in plasma levels comparable with those achieved in a person consuming 200 mg/day (5 fruits and vegetables daily). The high dose was the amount shown in a previous study of the guinea pig to slow the progression of surgically induced OA.Results. We found an association between ascorbic acid supplementation and increased cartilage collagen content but, in contrast to findings in a previous study of surgically induced OA in the guinea pig, ascorbic acid worsened the severity of spontaneous OA. Active transforming growth factor ␤ (TGF␤) was expressed in marginal osteophytes, whose size and number were significantly increased with increasing intake of ascorbic acid. Synovial fluid levels of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein, a biomarker of cartilage turnover, corroborated the histologic findings.Conclusion. Ascorbic acid has been shown to activate latent TGF␤. Prolonged intraarticular exposure to TGF␤ has been shown to cause OA-like changes. We found expression of active TGF␤ in osteophytes, a prominent feature of the joint histology seen in association with ascorbic acid treatment. Thus, the deleterious effects of prolonged ascorbic acid exposure may be mediated in part by TGF␤. This worsening of OA with ascorbic acid supplementation suggests that ascorbic acid intake should not be supplemented above the currently recommended dietary allowance (90 mg/day for men and 75 mg/day for women).

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Ascorbic acid increases the severity of spontaneous knee osteoarthritis in a guinea pig model

Kraus

Huebner

Stäbler

et al. 2004

Arthritis & Rheumatism

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“…L-Ascorbic acid (ASC) is produced in all higher plants and in nearly all higher animals except human, other primates, guinea pig, some birds, and fish (1,3). In animals, a microsomal L-gulono-1,4-lactone oxidase catalyzes the final step of ASC biosynthesis (15,29).…”

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Deficiency of d -Erythroascorbic Acid Attenuates Hyphal Growth and Virulence of Candida albicans

Huh

Kim

et al. 2001

Infect Immun

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“…Although ascorbate seems to be essential for antioxidant homeostasis and as a cofactor in a series of enzymatic reactions, the ability for ascorbate biosynthesis was lost due to mutations in the gulonolactone oxidase (GLO) gene (NISHIKIMI & YAGI, 1991) in the primate lineage leading to monkeys and apes (BURNS 1957;MANDL et al, 2009). Hence humans are not able to synthesize ascorbic acid.…”

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A comparative study: Methods for the determination of ascorbic acid in small and middle sized food analytic laboratories

Balogh¹,

Szarka²

2016

Acta Alimentaria

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Although vitamin C is essential as an antioxidant and as a cofactor in a series of enzymatic reactions, the ability for ascorbate biosynthesis was lost in humans. Thus, horticultural products and derived fruit drinks or commercial vitamin C products are considered to be important sources for the ascorbic acid intake in the human diet. These facts underline the importance of analytical methods for ascorbic acid determination in different food products.In our study two spectrophotometric and a fl uorometric ascorbic acid determination methods have been compared with each other and with the so-called etalon HPLC method to fi nd the best for small or middle sized food analytic laboratories with a sample number of up to several hundreds. As a result of our experiments we could establish that the OPDA-fl uorometric method can be suggested for the determination of samples containing ascorbate at low concentrations. Unfortunately, the analytical properties of the OPDA method with spectrophotometric detection have been lagging far behind the others. The 2,2'-bipyridyl method could give a balanced performance for all tests. Furthermore, the results gained by this method are the closest to the results of the reference HPLC method in the case of fruit and vegetable samples.

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Missing Step in Man, Monkey and Guinea Pig required for the Biosynthesis of L-Ascorbic Acid

Cited by 167 publications

References 6 publications

Ascorbic acid increases the severity of spontaneous knee osteoarthritis in a guinea pig model

Ascorbic acid increases the severity of spontaneous knee osteoarthritis in a guinea pig model

Deficiency of d -Erythroascorbic Acid Attenuates Hyphal Growth and Virulence of Candida albicans

A comparative study: Methods for the determination of ascorbic acid in small and middle sized food analytic laboratories

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