Missing Links Between Argyroneta and Cybaeidae Revealed by Fossil Spiders

Selden, Paul A.

doi:10.1636/0161-8202(2002)030[0189:mlbaac]2.0.co;2

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…Though the grouping of Paratheuma and Argyroneta has been predicted based on previous molecular analyses (Spagna and Gillespie 2008;Miller et al 2010), the close relationship between these two taxa and Saltonia, the position of which has long been enigmatic in spider systematics (Roth and Brown 1975b;Foelix 1996), is unexpected. Indeed, the combined-data tree supports none of the current family-rank groupings of spiders with extreme microhabitat affinities: Argyroneta does not fall with others in the Cybaeidae, as has long been classified based on morphology and fossil evidence (Simon 1892;Lehtinen 1967;Selden 2002), but rather must be derived from a dictynid-like ancestor, while probably being sister to Paratheuma. The new position of the latter taxontraditionally and currently considered a desid (Platnick 2010)would make Desidae polyphyletic.…”

Section: Taxonomic Affinities Of Target Taxamentioning

confidence: 81%

“…The sole exemplar of its genus, it lives under water, one of the rarest environments for spiders. It is the only spider to live and hunt fully immersed, using a silken bubble attached to an aquatic plant to hold a breathable air supply (Foelix 1996;Selden 2002). It is found in slow-moving freshwater streams throughout Europe and Asia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each of these lineages of spiders (representatives of Paratheuma and Desis, and the single species S. incerta and A. aquatica) has been difficult to assign accurately to the taxonomic rank of family based on morphology because each shares some special morphological features that may or may not be associated with its unusual lifestyle. For example, A. aquatica has modifications to the respiratory system, including fewer lung lamellae, but larger tracheal tubes than most other spiders (Selden 2002), which may provide some advantage when breathing underwater. Saltonia incerta has similar book-lungs, but not the obvious association with aquatic habitats (Roth and Brown 1975b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Patterns of habitat affinity and Austral/Holarctic parallelism in dictynoid spiders (Araneae:Entelegynae)

Spagna

Crews

Gillespie

2010

Invert. Systematics

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The ability to survive in a terrestrial environment was a major evolutionary hurdle for animals that, once passed, allowed the diversification of most arthropod and vertebrate lineages. Return to a truly aquatic lifestyle has occurred only rarely among terrestrial lineages, and is generally associated with modifications of the respiratory system to conserve oxygen and allow extended periods of apnea. Among chelicerates, in particular spiders, where the circulatory system also serves as a hydrostatic skeleton, very few taxa have exploited aquatic environments, though these environments are abundant and range from freshwater ponds to the marine intertidal and relictual (salt) lakes. The traditional systematic positions of the taxa inhabiting these environments are controversial. Partitioned Bayesian analysis using a doublet model for stems in the nearly complete 18S rRNA gene (~1800 nt) and in the D2 and D3 regions of the 28S rRNA gene (~690 nt), and standard models for loops and full protein-coding histone H3 (349 nt) partitions (totalling 3133 bp when aligned) of dictynoid spiders and related lineages revealed that the only truly aquatic spider species, Argyroneta aquatica (Clerck, 1767) (Cybaeidae Banks, 1892), belongs in a clade containing other taxa with unusual habitat affinities related to an aquatic existence, including occupation of semi-aquatic (intertidal) areas (Desidae Pocock, 1985: Paratheuma spp.) and highly alkaline salt-crusts (Dictynidae O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1871: Saltonia incerta (Banks, 1898)). In a contrasting pattern, other spiders that also occupy intertidal zones, including some other members of the family Desidae (Desis spp., Badumna longinqua (L. Koch, 1867)), are an independently derived clade found primarily in the southern hemisphere. Use of the doublet model reduced some branch-support values in the single-gene trees for rRNA data, but resulted in a robust combined-data phylogeny from 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, and histone H3. This combination of results – reduction in support in single-gene trees and gain in support in combined-data trees –is consistent with use of the doublet model reducing problematic signal from non-independent base pairs in individual data partitions, resulting in improved resolution in the combined-data analyses.

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Section: Taxonomic Affinities Of Target Taxamentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Patterns of habitat affinity and Austral/Holarctic parallelism in dictynoid spiders (Araneae:Entelegynae)

Spagna

Crews

Gillespie

2010

Invert. Systematics

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“…More unusual types of preservation include the following. The Bembridge Marls Insect Bed, Eocene of the Isle of Wight, England, in which the fossils occur as external moulds with calcite replacement of internal structures such as muscles and respiratory organs (Selden, 2001, 2002 b ). Fossil spiders from Carboniferous Coal Measures of Europe and North America are generally preserved as external moulds, sometimes infilled with kaolinite, in clay ironstone concretions, for example at Mazon Creek, Illinois (Baird et al ).…”

Section: Preservation and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Fossil spiders

Selden

Penney

2010

Biological Reviews

Self Cite

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Over the last three decades, the fossil record of spiders has increased from being previously biased towards Tertiary ambers and a few dubious earlier records, to one which reveals a much greater diversity in the Mesozoic, with many of the modern families present in that era, and with clearer evidence of the evolutionary history of the group. We here record the history of palaeoarachnology and the major breakthroughs which form the basis of studies on fossil spiders. Understanding the preservation and taphonomic history of spider fossils is crucial to interpretation of fossil spider morphology. We also review the more recent descriptions of fossil spiders and the effect these discoveries have had on the phylogenetic tree of spiders. We discuss some features of the evolutionary history of spiders and present ideas for future work.

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“…More unusual types of preservation include the Bembridge Marls Insect Bed, Eocene of the Isle of Wight, England, in which the spider fossils occur as external moulds with calcite replacement of internal structures such as muscles and respiratory organs (Selden, 2001(Selden, , 2002(Selden, , 2014b. A somewhat similar example of preservation in a calcitic matrix is seen in the Lower Jurassic locality at Grimmen, Germany where there are internal moulds in calcite in addition to external moulds with some organic material .…”

Section: Rock Matrix Preservationmentioning

confidence: 92%