Missing Data in Likert Ratings: A Comparison of Replacement Methods

Downey, Ronald G.; King, Cody

doi:10.1080/00221309809595542

Cited by 510 publications

(340 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Missing data were examined as an initial step in data analysis. This examination was guided by the recommendations set forth by Downey and King (1998), which indicate that data should be retained if the number of participants with missing data is less than 20% of the total sample and if the missing data itself constitutes less than 20% of the total measure. With regard to the TOSCA-A, missing data were observed among 6 participants (i.e., 6.2% of the total sample) and consisted of between 1 and 8 items (i.e., 1.5% to 12% of the total measure).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These data were retained because they involved less than 20% of participants and less than 20% of the total measures, therefore adhering to the guidelines indicated by Downey and King. In these cases, item means were used to replace the missing item values because this method is considered a good representation of the original data in the current scenario (i.e., when the number of participants with missing data and the number of items missing are 20% or less), and is preferable to the person mean substitution method because it does not artificially inflate indices of scale reliability (Downey & King, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Remorse, psychopathology, and psychopathy among adolescent offenders.

Spice¹,

Viljoen²,

Douglas³

et al. 2015

Law and Human Behavior

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Remorse has long been important to the juvenile justice system. However, the nature of this construct has not yet been clearly articulated, and little research has examined its relationships with other theoretically and legally relevant variables. The present study was intended to address these issues by examining relationships among remorse, psychopathology, and psychopathy in a sample of adolescent offenders (N = 97) using the theoretically and empirically established framework of guilt and shame (Tangney & Dearing, 2002). Findings indicated that shame was positively related to behavioural features of psychopathy, whereas guilt was negatively related to psychopathic characteristics more broadly. In addition, shame was positively associated with numerous mental health problems whereas guilt was negatively associated with anger, depression, and anxiety. These results provide empirical support for theory that psychopathy is characterized by lack of remorse (e.g., Hare, 1991), and also underscore shame and guilt as potentially important treatment targets for adolescent offenders. Remorse 3Remorse, Psychopathology, and Psychopathy among Adolescent Offenders

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remorse, psychopathology, and psychopathy among adolescent offenders.

Spice¹,

Viljoen²,

Douglas³

et al. 2015

Law and Human Behavior

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“…The dissociative subtype of PTSD (DS) was used as dichotomous independent variable, and change in scores on both CAPS (pre- and post-treatment) and PSS-SR (at day 1 and post-treatment) as the dependent variable. Person mean imputation was performed when the percentage of missing data on the total number of items of a measure did not exceed 10% (Downey & King, 1998; Hawthorne & Elliott, 2005). If this was not the case, participants were excluded from analyses (Cohen, Cohen, West, & Aiken, 2003).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presence of the dissociative subtype of PTSD does not moderate the outcome of intensive trauma-focused treatment for PTSD

Zoet¹,

Wagenmans²,

Minnen

et al. 2018

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: There is a widely-held belief in the trauma field that the presence of dissociative symptoms is associated with poor treatment response. However, previous research on the effect of dissociation in treatment outcomes pertained to specific patients and trauma populations.Objective: To test the hypothesis that the presence of the dissociative subtype of PTSD (DS) would have a detrimental effect on the outcome of an intensive trauma-focused treatment programme.Methods: PTSD symptom scores (Clinician Administered PTSD Scale [CAPS] and PTSD Symptom Scale Self-Report [PSS-SR]) were analysed using the data of 168 consecutive patients (70.6% female) who had been exposed to a wide variety of multiple traumas, including childhood sexual abuse, and of whom 98.2% were diagnosed with severe PTSD (CAPS > 65). Most of them suffered from multiple comorbidities and 38 (22.6%) met the criteria for DS. They took part in an intensive trauma-focused treatment programme for PTSD. Pre- and post-treatment differences were compared between patients with and without DS.Results: Large effect sizes were achieved for PTSD symptom reduction on CAPS and the PSS-SR, both for patients with DS and those without. Although patients with DS showed a significantly greater PTSD symptom severity at the beginning, and throughout, treatment, both groups showed equal reductions in PTSD symptoms. Of those who met the criteria for DS, 26 (68.4%) no longer fulfilled the criteria for this classification after treatment.Conclusion: The results provide no support for the notion that the presence of DS negatively impacts trauma-focused treatment outcomes. Accordingly, PTSD patients with DS should not be denied effective trauma-focused treatments.

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“…Totals for all categories may not sum to 506 due to missing data. We used mean substitution for handling the missing data (Downey & King, 1998). Unfortunately, the largest opposition to the new policy among the four groups was the patients, who perceived they have the highest individual influence in terms of the health reform.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

http://www.omicsonline.com/open-access/child-pornography-users--child-contact-offenders-applications-for-law-enforcement-prosecution-and-forensic-mental-health-1522-4821-1000283.php?aid=63682

Yang¹,

Teng²

2015

Int J Emerg Ment Health

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Background: Although the Chinese government has enacted many policies to reform its health system, the reaction of its citizens to these policies remains unknown. The existence of different health reform interest-related groups means that there may be group-related differences• We are the first to adopt a social-psychological theory to study the implementation of health policy.• The level of willingness to accept the new health reform policy of referral is distinct among various benefits groups as related to Chinese healthcare reform• System-related sensibilities play an indirect effect between group power and the willingness to accept the reform

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Missing Data in Likert Ratings: A Comparison of Replacement Methods

Cited by 510 publications

References 7 publications

Remorse, psychopathology, and psychopathy among adolescent offenders.

Remorse, psychopathology, and psychopathy among adolescent offenders.

Presence of the dissociative subtype of PTSD does not moderate the outcome of intensive trauma-focused treatment for PTSD

http://www.omicsonline.com/open-access/child-pornography-users--child-contact-offenders-applications-for-law-enforcement-prosecution-and-forensic-mental-health-1522-4821-1000283.php?aid=63682

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