“…Driven by gender stereotypes rooted in the influence of Confucianism in East Asian culture [ 10 , 11 ], men have historically been perceived as the main breadwinners in Chinese families and are usually involved in prestigious paid work outside the home. Meanwhile, heavy workloads, irregular working hours, patient and public prejudice [ 12 ], job burnout, lack of interest in nursing [ 13 ], and low payment [ 14 ] have influenced the participation of Chinese men in nursing. As of 2019, male nurses accounted for only 2.3 % of China mainland's 4.09 million registered nurses [ 15 ], a proportion considerably below that of Western countries [ 16 ], such as New Zealand (9 %), the US (9.6 %), the UK (11 %), Australia (11.7 %), and the Netherlands (23 %).…”