Mispersepsi Dalam Sengketa Laut Tiongkok Selatan dan Peluang Diplomasi Pertahanan Indonesia

Abstract

Abstrak--Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami persepsi dan mispersepsi antarnegara pengaku kedaulatan di Laut Tiongkok Selatan, serta melihat peluang diplomasi pertahanan Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif, penelitian ini memiliki dua bagian analisis utama. Bagian pertama berisikan analisis mengenai persepsi dan mispersepsi negara-negara yang memiliki klaim kedaulatan di wilayah maritime yang berpotensi bereskalasi menjadi konflik kekerasan. Untuk bagian pertama ini peneliti akan menggunakan pendekatan persepsi dan mispersepsi dalam politik internasional. Bagian kedua berisikan analisis mengenai peluang diplomasi pertahanan Indonesia untuk meredam mispersepsi antarnegara dan meningkatkan sikap saling percaya untuk mencegah eskalasi konflik di wilayah maritim ini. Untuk bagian kedua ini peneliti akan menggunakan pendekatan diplomasi pertahanan. Secara akademik dan empirik, Penelitian ini akan berkontribusi memberikan alternative pemahaman dan masukan kebijakan terkait sengketa di Laut Tiongkok Selatan melalui analisis yang memiliki sandaran teoritik yang jelas (theory-informed analysis).Kata Kunci: Laut Tiongkok Selatan, persepsi, mispersepsi, diplomasi pertahanan Abstract--This study aims to understand the perception and misperception of the claimant states in the South China Sea disputes and examine the opportunities for Indonesia's defense diplomacy. Using qualitative method, this study proceeds with two main parts. The first part analyzes the prospect of conflict escalation caused by the perception and misperception among the claimant states in the South China Sea disputes. The authors employ perception and misperception approach in International Relations in the analysis. The second part of the study examines the opportunities for Indonesia's defense diplomacy in reducing the misperception, mitigating the confict escalation as well as increasing mutual trust and confidence among the conflicting parties. In this second part, the authors make use of "defense diplomacy" as the conceptual tool. This study is academically and empirically significant as it contributes by giving alternative understanding on the South China Sea disputes as well as research-based and theory-informed policy recommendation.Keywords: South China Sea, perception and misperception, defense diplomacy

Policy Effectiveness: Indonesia-China Defense Cooperation Study

“…Defense cooperation agreements are carried out by referring to national interests and the principles of equality and mutual benefit. This is in accordance with (Swastanto et al, 2018) at the main points of the defense cooperation policy are carried out in accordance with a free and active foreign policy framework and do not lead to the formation of a defense pact. Defense cooperation is carried out based on three basic principles, namely equality of position and mutual benefit, mutual respect and non-interference in domestic affairs.…”

“…Implementing defense cooperation, basically aims to fulfill national goals and interests, especially in the fields of defense, regional stability, and world peace. This is as conveyed by (Swastanto et al, 2018), that:…”

“…"paragraph 3: Relations and cooperation at home and abroad as referred to in paragraph (2) are carried out based on government policies in the field of national defense.According to the 2014 Defense White Paper (Swastanto et al, 2018), the priority for defense cooperation is to build communication and cooperation not only with countries bordering Indonesia to ensure the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Republic of Indonesia, but also with key countries in the region. as well as outside the region in order to build national defense capacity, including for the benefit of the Indonesian defense industry (Budiman, 2021).…”

Indonesian Defense Diplomacy in Responding to China’s National Interest in South China Sea

“…More importantly, defense diplomacy is not a panacea for preventing conflict, as its utility is limited to defense-related fields. Likewise, Indonesia's defense diplomacy aims to minimize the impact of misperceptions among countries with interests in the South China Sea (Swastanto et al, 2017). While defense diplomacy has general connotations, its usefulness in conflict prevention should be sharpened.…”