Mismatch negativity in schizophrenia research

Abstract

Mismatch negativity (MMN) represents an event-related component of the auditory evoked potentials at about 100-250 ms, evoked by discernible changes in an ongoing uniform acoustic stimulation. The current paper reviews all recently published MMN studies in the field of schizophrenia research. A reduced MMN in schizophrenic patients is found in the majority of the studies. This deficit is likely to be related to the disorder, since antipsychotic medication seems to have little influence on these results. Interestingly, a reduced MMN is also found in first-degree relatives of patients. Clear evidence for a hemispheric lateralization of the MMN reduction in schizophrenic patients is lacking. A hypofunction of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor is discussed as a possible explanation of this deficit.

Effects of Blocking D2/D3 Receptors on Mismatch Negativity and P3a Amplitude of Initially Antipsychotic Naïve, First Episode Schizophrenia Patients

“…Other studies failed to show MMN deficits in first-episode schizophrenia as well ( Salisbury et al, 2002a ; Devrim-Ucok et al, 2008a ; Magno et al, 2008 ), while other groups have found differences in chronically ill patients ( Horton et al, 2011 ; Todd et al, 2013 ). This may indicate that MMN deficits are caused by either progression of the disease, for example, due to loss of cortical tissue in areas related to the regulation of attention and orienting ( Rosburg et al, 2004 ; Todd et al, 2013 ), or effects of medication. In general, however, it is important to realize that these studies have been performed with very different paradigms in which various types of deviant stimuli were used.…”

Paying attention to MMN in schizophrenia

“…(Cornblatt et al, 1989;Cornblatt and Keilp, 1994;Fisher et al, 1994;Nuechterlein et al, 1994), not remediated by psychotropic medication (Catts et al, 1995;Nielsen et al, 2012;Schall et al, 1998;Shinozaki et al, 2002;Umbricht et al, 1998;Umbricht et al, 1999;cf. Lavoie et al, 2008;Zhou et al, 2013), and has been observed in clinical high-risk individuals (Bodatsch et al, 2011;Nuechterlein, 1983;Pflueger et al, 2007) and equivocally in asymptomatic first-degree relatives (Cornblatt and Keilp, 1994;Bramon et al, 2004;Jessen et al, 2001;Magno et al, 2008;Michie et al, 2002;Nuechterlein et al, 1994;Rosburg et al, 2004). Although both reduced MMN and attentional impairments are heavily studied in schizophrenia, they are typically studied independently of each other.…”

“…It is present in the prodromal stages of the illness (Bodatsch et al, 2011;Brockhaus-Dumke et al, 2005 Q5 ), likely independent of psychotic state 1 Q6 (Fisher et al, 2014), not remediated by psychotropic medication (Catts et al, 1995;Schall et al, 1998;Shinozaki et al, 2002;Umbricht et al, 1998;Umbricht et al, 1999; Q7 cf. Lavoie et al, 2008;Zhou et al, 2013), and has been observed in clinical high-risk individuals that later transition to the illness (e.g., Bodatsch et al, 2011) and equivocally in asymptomatic first-degree relatives (Bramon et al, 2004;Jessen et al, 2001;Magno et al, 2008;Michie et al, 2002;Rosburg et al, 2004). Despite this, very little is known about the functional relevance of reduced MMN in persons with schizophrenia.…”

The Role of Momentary Dissociation in the Sensory Cortex: A Neurophysiological Review and its Implications for Maladaptive Daydreaming

“…Repeated stimulation of the sensory cortex may decrease auditory cortex responsiveness, elucidating the importance of MMN activity during the suppression of the N1 component. This supposition, supported by Rosburg et al [133], suggested that repeated events play a role in shaping MMN responses. Significantly, MMN potentials can lead to high-level attentional switching transmitted through fronto-central P3a channels [123,134].…”