Miscibility and Crystallization of an Amine-Cured Epoxy Resin Modified with Crystalline Poly(ɛ-caprolactone)

Remiro, P. M.; Cortázar, M.; Calahorra, M. E.; Calafel, M. M.

doi:10.1002/1521-3935(20010401)202:7<1077::aid-macp1077>3.0.co;2-5

Cited by 37 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Pure PCL shows values for n in the range of 3.1–4.0, which suggests that the PCL chains crystallize via three‐dimensional growth following a heterogeneous nucleation mode. Although a large variation in the values of n have been reported for PCL,11 the obtained values are in good agreement with the values reported elsewhere for isothermal crystallization of PCL in a similar temperature range 41–43. As expected, the overall crystallization rate decreases with increasing isothermal crystallization temperature T c,i , as evidenced by a decrease in K ( T ) and an increase in τ 1/2 ( τ 1/2 is inversely proportional to the rate of crystallization, see also Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Crystallization kinetics and crystalline morphology of poly(ε‐caprolactone) in blends with grafted rubber particles

l’Abee

Duin

Goossens

2010

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

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The crystallization behavior of pure PCL and PCL in blends with crosslinked rubber particles was studied under (non)isothermal crystallization conditions, where the rubber particles were grafted with PCL chains via hydrogen abstraction of the aliphatic moieties in PCL. The crystal growth and the organization of crystals into spherulitic superstructures are significantly influenced by the presence of the grafted rubber particles, which act as an excellent nucleating agent for PCL.The nucleating efficiency shows an exponential dependency on the PCL grafting density and, according to an Avrami analysis, an increased PCL grafting density increases the overall crystallization rate of the PCL matrix.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Crystallization kinetics and crystalline morphology of poly(ε‐caprolactone) in blends with grafted rubber particles

l’Abee

Duin

Goossens

2010

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

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“…Thermoplastics that have been demonstrated to show this type of morphology when combined with epoxy thermoset resins include polycaprolactone (PCL) [5,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20], poly (ether sulfone) [21][22][23], polyetherimide [24][25][26][27], poly(methyl methacrylate) [28][29][30] and polystyrene [28][29][30]. The potential of PCL for the thermal healing of epoxies stems from its low melting temperature (55°C) and high degree of thermal expansion (an increase in volume by up to 14% between room temperature and 150°C [31]), and it has also been demonstrated to be of interest for shape-memory assisted self-healing [32,33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal mending in immiscible poly(ε-caprolactone)/epoxy blends

Cohades

Manfredi

Plummer

et al. 2016

European Polymer Journal

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a b s t r a c tBlends of commercial epoxy monomer with a 4,4 0 -diaminodiphenylsulfone hardener and poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL) were evaluated for their potential as a self-healing matrix for fiber-reinforced composites, based on their room temperature toughness and stiffness and their capacity for healing when subjected to a moderate heating cycle. Analysis of the microstructure and thermal properties of the blends indicated three types of morphology to result from polymerization-induced phase separation during cure, depending on the PCL content, including an interconnected particulate epoxy phase and a co-continuous PCL phase above 23 vol% PCL. While the mechanical performance diminished with increasing PCL content, toughness recovery after healing at 150°C for 30 min strongly increased. Blends with 25 vol% PCL showed a healing efficiency in excess of 70%, while retaining suitable room-temperature mechanical properties (a tensile modulus of 1.5 GPa and a tensile strength of about 20 MPa), and were concluded to be promising candidates for self-healing composites.

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“…If the systems possess favorable intermolecular specific interactions (e.g., hydrogen bonding), the miscible blends of thermosets will be obtained. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9] If the χ was increased with conversion, the above collective changes may cause the systems to cross thermodynamic phase boundaries and result in a transition from an initial homogeneous state into a microphase-separated state. The final morphology of the thermosets is strongly dependent on the competitive kinetics involving curing reaction, phase separation and connectivity of phases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Double Reaction-induced Microphase Separation in Epoxy Resin Containing Polystyrene-block-poly(ε-caprolactone)-block-poly(n-butyl acrylate) ABC Triblock Copolymer

2010

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Polystyrene-block-poly(ε-caprolactone)-block-poly(n-butyl acrylate) (PS-b-PCL-b-PBA) triblock copolymer was synthesized through the combination of atom transfer radical polymerization, copper-catalyzed Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition and ring-opening polymerization. The PS-b-PCL-b-PBA ABC triblock copolymer was incorporated into epoxy to access the nanostructures in the thermoset. The microphase-separated morphology was investigated by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). It was found that depending on the concentration of the triblock copolymer in the thermosets several kinds of nanodomains were formed and they were arranged in lamellar lattice. The formation of the nanostructures was ascribed to the tandem reaction-induced microphase separation of PBA and PS blocks in the thermosetting blends. The investigation of the model binary thermosetting blends showed that the phase separation of PBA occurred at the conversion much lower than that of PS. It is proposed that the PBA nanophases were formed prior to the PS nanophases in the thermosetting blends and the microdomains of PBA subchains could behave as the template for the demixing of PS blocks. The coupling of the two-stage reactioninduced microphase separation exerted a profound impact on the formation of nanostructures in the epoxy thermosets containing the ABC triblock copolymer. Thermal analysis shows that with the formation of the nanostructures in the thermosets a part of poly(ε-caprolactone) subchains were demixed from epoxy matrix; the fractions of demixed PCL blocks have been estimated according to the T g -composition relation of the model binary blends of epoxy and PCL.

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Miscibility and Crystallization of an Amine-Cured Epoxy Resin Modified with Crystalline Poly(ɛ-caprolactone)

Cited by 37 publications

References 24 publications

Crystallization kinetics and crystalline morphology of poly(ε‐caprolactone) in blends with grafted rubber particles

Crystallization kinetics and crystalline morphology of poly(ε‐caprolactone) in blends with grafted rubber particles

Thermal mending in immiscible poly(ε-caprolactone)/epoxy blends

Double Reaction-induced Microphase Separation in Epoxy Resin Containing Polystyrene-block-poly(ε-caprolactone)-block-poly(n-butyl acrylate) ABC Triblock Copolymer

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