Miscibility and crystallization behaviour of poly(l-lactide)/poly(p-vinylphenol) blends

Zhang, Lianlai; Goh, S. H.; Lee, S.Y.

doi:10.1016/s0032-3861(97)10167-7

Cited by 148 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Nevertheless, its inherent brittleness is a major drawback for its large-scale commercial applications. Thus, numerous approaches have been adopted to correct this drawback [1,2,5], one of them being based on melt blending PLA with a more ductile engineered polymer such as polyamide (PA). Ebadi-Dehaghani et al [6] showed that the tensile behavior of PLA varies dramatically from brittle to ductile when blended with at least 15 wt% of a terpolymer of PA (PA6/PA66/PA610).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toughening of poly(lactic acid) without sacrificing stiffness and strength by melt-blending with polyamide 11 and selective localization of halloysite nanotubes

Rashmi¹,

Prashantha²,

Lacrampe³

et al. 2015

Express Polym. Lett.

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Abstract. This paper aims at improving the mechanical behavior of biobased brittle amorphous polylactide (PLA) by extrusion melt-blending with biobased semi-crystalline polyamide 11 (PA11) and addition of halloysite nanotubes (HNT). The morphological analysis of the PLA/PA11/HNT blends shows a strong interface between the two polymeric phases due to hydrogen bonding, and the migration of HNTs towards PA11 phase inducing their selective localization in one of the polymeric phases of the blend. A 'salami-like' structure is formed revealing a HNTs-rich tubular-like (fibrillar) PA11 phase. Moreover, HNTs localized in the dispersed phase act as nucleating agents for PA11. Compared to neat PLA, this leads to a remarkable improvement in tensile and impact properties (elongation at break is multiplied by a factor 43, impact strength by 2, whereas tensile strength and stiffness are almost unchanged). The toughening mechanism is discussed based on the combined effect of resistance to crack propagation and nanotubes load bearing capacity due to the existence of the fibrillar structure. Thus, blending brittle PLA with PA11 and HNT nanotubes results in tailor-made PLA-based compounds with enhanced ductility without sacrificing stiffness and strength.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toughening of poly(lactic acid) without sacrificing stiffness and strength by melt-blending with polyamide 11 and selective localization of halloysite nanotubes

Rashmi¹,

Prashantha²,

Lacrampe³

et al. 2015

Express Polym. Lett.

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“…Os poli(hidroxialcanoatos) (PHA), poliésteres naturais e biodegradáveis, podem sofrer degradação hidrolítica ou enzimática [2][3][4] e sob ação de microrganismos degradam completamente produzindo dióxido de carbono e água 5,6 . Devido a biodegradabilidade, o estudo de PHA tem despertado bastante interesse em aplicações na área ambiental.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Blendas biodegradáveis de poli(3-hidroxibutirato)/poli(e-caprolactona): obtenção e estudo da miscibilidade

et al. 2003

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Due to its biodegradability, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) P(3-HB) has attracted much attention in the environmental sector. However, some characteristics of this polymer, such as high crystallinity, poor processability and high brittleness, have lead several research groups to study polymeric blends in order to modify P(3-HB) properties. Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) is a synthetic polyester which is completely degraded after about one year when buried in soil. In general, it acts as a polymeric plasticizer lowering the elastic modulus and enhancing the processability of the blend. Blends of two biodegradable polymers, P(3-HB) and PCL have been prepared by casting in different compositions. Miscibility, thermal behavior and morphology of these blends were studied using modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and polarizing light microscopy (PLM). The two glass transition temperatures, detected by MDSC, suggest the immiscibility of the system. Phase separation was confirmed by PLM. Keywords: blends, miscibility, P(3-HB), PCL IntroduçãoDentre os maiores problemas ambientais relacionados à utilização de materiais poliméricos, tais como o polipropileno, poliestireno, polietileno e poli(cloreto de vinila) pode ser destacado o tempo necessário para que ocorra degradação e a utilização de recursos não renováveis derivados do petróleo 1 . Os poli(hidroxialcanoatos) (PHA), poliésteres naturais e biodegradáveis, podem sofrer degradação hidrolítica ou enzimática 2-4 e sob ação de microrganismos degradam completamente produzindo dióxido de carbono e água 5,6 . Devido a biodegradabilidade, o estudo de PHA tem despertado bastante interesse em aplicações na área ambiental. O poli(3-hidroxibutirato) P(3-HB) é produzido através de fermentação bacteriana, com predominância de utilização da bactéria Raltonia eutropha 7 . A biossíntese deste polímero permite um processo cíclico sustentável através de fontes renováveis, substituindo tecnologias de ponta ligadas à produção e ao uso de materiais poliméricos sintéti-cos 8 . Entretanto, a baixa processabilidade, o elevado grau de cristalinidade e fragilidade do P(3-HB) limitam suas aplicações. A fim de se obter materiais com melhores características, misturas físicas de P(3-HB) com outros polímeros (blendas) também biodegradáveis podem ser preparadas. O estudo dos sistemas P(3-HB)/poli(propiolactona), P(3-HB)/poli(adipato de etileno) e P(3-HB)/poli(3-hidroxibutirato-co-3-hidroxivalerato) (PHBV) mostrou que a cinética de degradação das blendas é mais acelerada quando comparada com os polímeros puros, sendo atribuí-do ao processo de separação de fases dos componentes nas blendas 9 . Trabalhos anteriores mostraram que é possível

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“…19 Solvent-cast blends of poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) with poly-(4-vinyl phenol) (PVPh) have been shown to be partially miscible. 20,21 However, miscibility has been found in all compositions range for the PLLA/PVPh blends prepared by solution/precipitation methods. Weak hydrogen-bonding interaction exists between the carbonyl groups of PLLA and the hydroxyl group of PVPh.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Weak hydrogen-bonding interaction exists between the carbonyl groups of PLLA and the hydroxyl group of PVPh. 20,21 The growth of PLLA spherulites from the melt under isothermal conditions is slowed down by PVPh. When the PVPh content is above 40 wt %, crystallization of PLLA does not occur under isothermal conditions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic Analysis on Effect of Poly(4-vinyl phenol) on Complex-Forming Blends of Poly(L-lactide) and Poly(D-lactide)

Woo

2009

Polym. J.

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Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and polarized optical microscopy (POM) characterizations were performed to reveal interaction between amorphous poly(p-vinyl phenol) (PVPh) and crystalline stereocomplex of poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) and poly(D-lactic acid) (PDLA). The negative value of the interaction parameter 12 clearly confirms a thermodynamic miscibility in the ternary blend. At low contents, PVPh is well dispersed in the ternary blends, but PVPh may aggregate to nanodomains by self-associated hydrogen-bonding upon annealing. In addition, PVPh serves as an effective agent in reducing the spherulite sizes of the PLLA/PDLA crystals, which may be favorable in controlling the macroscopic properties. The Avrami and Tobin kinetic analysis methods were carried out to analyze the nonisothermal crystallization data, and the results showed that the ternary blends with an optimal range of 2-10 wt % PVPh were faster in the crystallization rate and smaller in the spherulite size than those with no PVPh or with PVPh contents greater than 10 wt %. Ternary blend containing higher PVPh contents may form large phase-separated domains and growth of the stereocomplex is hindered under the nonisothermal crystallization condition.

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Miscibility and crystallization behaviour of poly(l-lactide)/poly(p-vinylphenol) blends

Cited by 148 publications

References 33 publications

Toughening of poly(lactic acid) without sacrificing stiffness and strength by melt-blending with polyamide 11 and selective localization of halloysite nanotubes

Toughening of poly(lactic acid) without sacrificing stiffness and strength by melt-blending with polyamide 11 and selective localization of halloysite nanotubes

Blendas biodegradáveis de poli(3-hidroxibutirato)/poli(e-caprolactona): obtenção e estudo da miscibilidade

Kinetic Analysis on Effect of Poly(4-vinyl phenol) on Complex-Forming Blends of Poly(L-lactide) and Poly(D-lactide)

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