Miscanthus x giganteus as a Source Of Biobased Products Through Organosolv Fractionation: A Mini Review

Villaverde, Juan José; Ligero, Pablo; Vega, Alberto

doi:10.2174/1874331501004010102

Cited by 42 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The total lignin content in cardoon stalks was 19.2 %, a value slightly higher than the 17.0 % reported by Pereira et al [5], or the 16.4 % reported by Ballesteros et al [27]. However, this lignin content is lower than in other herbaceous plants, such as Miscanthus × giganteus, with a lignin content of 21.7 % [28], or elephant grass, with 20.5 % of lignin content [22]. Table 1 also presents the monosaccharide composition, where glucose and xylose are the main compounds, representing 65.8 and 30.9 % of total monosaccharides, as reported in the literature [5].…”

Section: Chemical Characterization Of Cardoon Stalkscontrasting

confidence: 51%

Isolation and Structural Characterization of Lignin from Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) Stalks

et al. 2015

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The lignin from Cynara cardunculus stalks was isolated by the classical Björkman method and characterized by pyrolysis coupled with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS), two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (2D-NMR), and derivatization followed by reductive cleavage (DFRC). The milled Cynara lignin (MCyL) was constituted mainly by guaiacyl (G) and syringyl-units(S) (S/G molar ratio of 0.7), with the complete absence of p-hydroxyphenyl (H) units. The 2D-NMR analysis indicated a predominance of alkyl-aryl ether linkages (70 % of all inter unit linkages are β-O-4′) and significant amounts of condensed structures such as phenylcoumarans (β-5′, 14 %), resinols (β-β′, 7 %), spirodienones (β-1′, 5 %), and dibenzodioxocins (5-5′, 4 %). Furthermore, the analyses indicated that the lignin is partially acylated at the γ-OH (12 % acylation) by acetate groups and that acetylation occurs preferentially on syringyl-units. As in other plants, acetylation occurs at the monomer stage, and sinapyl acetate behaves as a real lignin monomer participating in lignification in cardoon stalks. The detailed structural characterization of cardoon lignin reported here will foster the industrial use of this biomass for the production of biofuels and other bio-based chemicals under the lignocellulosic biorefinery.

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Section: Chemical Characterization Of Cardoon Stalkscontrasting

confidence: 51%

Isolation and Structural Characterization of Lignin from Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) Stalks

et al. 2015

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“…A high flame of harsh solvents and large fire explosions can damage without the lack of particular safety measures. A method that treats the biomass at high temperature 100 °C and pressures 1 atm with the mixture of phenol, water, and HCl is termed, Battelle is the type of Organosolv (Villaverde et al, 2010). The Organosolv pretreatment process is shown in (Fig.…”

Section: Organosolv Pretreatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioethanol Production From Lignocellulosic Biomass by Environment-Friendly Pretreatment Methods: A Review

Tayyab¹

2018

Appl. Ecol. Env. Res.

109

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Abstract. Lignocellulosic biomass is one of the abundant renewable bioresources on earth. Its chemical composition, i.e., lignin hinders ethanol production and commercialization. Pretreatment processes are vital for efficient separation of the complex interlinked components and enhance the availability of every component, i.e., cellulose and hemicellulose. However, for the bioethanol production, a major barrier is the removal of strong lignin component which is highly resistant to solubilization and a major inhibitor for hydrolysis of cellulose and hemicellulose. Pretreatment of biomass is necessary to make it susceptible to microorganisms, enzymes, and pathogens. Consequently, for the ethanol production, pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass process is very costly. The initial pretreatment approaches include physical, physicochemical and biological methods. It found out that; pretreatment methods have a significant impact on efficient production of ethanol from biomass. However, extensive research is still necessary for the development of new and more efficient pretreatment processes for conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol. Present review article presents recent development on lignocellulose biomass pretreatment. We discussed the different pretreatment methods along advantages, disadvantages, and challenges for bioethanol production. This review includes benefits and drawbacks and chemical, physical, physiochemical and biological pretreatment along with existing problems. For the production of ethanol, this review will help researchers regarding selection, development and further planning of pretreatment for different lignocellulosic residues.

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“…The Battelle organosolv method involves the use of a ternary mixture of phenol, water, and HCl to fractionate the biomass at about 100 ∘ C and at 1 atm [148]. The acid depolymerizes lignin and hydrolyses the hemicellulose fraction and the lignin dissolves in the organic phase (phenol), while the monosaccharides are attracted to the aqueous phase upon cooling of the fractionated biomass.…”

Section: Process Variationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, the formic acid organosolv process (formasolv) involves the application of formic acid, water, and HCl to depolymerize, oxidize, and dissolve lignin, hemicellulose, and extractives in the biomass, and the precipitation of the lignin is achieved by the addition of water [148]. Formic acid has a good lignin solvency and the process can be undertaken under low temperatures and at atmospheric pressure [147].…”

Section: Process Variationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Pretreatment Methods for the Production of Cellulosic Ethanol: Technologies and Innovations

Bensah

Mensah

2013

International Journal of Chemical Engineering

267

105

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Pretreatment of lignocellulose has received considerable research globally due to its influence on the technical, economic and environmental sustainability of cellulosic ethanol production. Some of the most promising pretreatment methods require the application of chemicals such as acids, alkali, salts, oxidants, and solvents. Thus, advances in research have enabled the development and integration of chemical-based pretreatment into proprietary ethanol production technologies in several pilot and demonstration plants globally, with potential to scale-up to commercial levels. This paper reviews known and emerging chemical pretreatment methods, highlighting recent findings and process innovations developed to offset inherent challenges via a range of interventions, notably, the combination of chemical pretreatment with other methods to improve carbohydrate preservation, reduce formation of degradation products, achieve high sugar yields at mild reaction conditions, reduce solvent loads and enzyme dose, reduce waste generation, and improve recovery of biomass components in pure forms. The use of chemicals such as ionic liquids, NMMO, and sulphite are promising once challenges in solvent recovery are overcome. For developing countries, alkalibased methods are relatively easy to deploy in decentralized, low-tech systems owing to advantages such as the requirement of simple reactors and the ease of operation.

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Miscanthus x giganteus as a Source Of Biobased Products Through Organosolv Fractionation: A Mini Review

Cited by 42 publications

References 32 publications

Isolation and Structural Characterization of Lignin from Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) Stalks

Isolation and Structural Characterization of Lignin from Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) Stalks

Bioethanol Production From Lignocellulosic Biomass by Environment-Friendly Pretreatment Methods: A Review

Chemical Pretreatment Methods for the Production of Cellulosic Ethanol: Technologies and Innovations

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