MIRS: an imaging spectrometer for the MMX mission

Barucci, Maria Antonietta; Réess, Jean-Michel; Bernardi, Pernelle; Doressoundiram, A.; Fornasier, S.; Du, Michel Le; Iwata, T.; Nakagawa, Hiromu; Nakamura, Tomoki; André, Y.; Aoki, Shohei; Arai, Takehiko; Baldit, E.; Beck, Pierre; Buey, Jean-Tristan; Canalias, Elisabet; Castelnau, Matthieu; Charnoz, Sébastien; Chaussidon, M.; Chapron, F.; Ciarletti, Valérie; Delbò, M.; Dubois, B.; Gauffre, S.; Gautier, Thomas; Genda, Hidenori; Hassen-Khodja, Rafik; Hervet, Gilles; Hyodo, Ryuki; Imbert, C.; Imamura, Takeshi; Jordá, L.; Kameda, Shingo; Kouach, Driss; Kouyama, Toru; Kuroda, Takeshi; Kurokawa, Hiroyuki; Lapaw, Laurent; Lasue, J.; Deit, L. Le; Ledot, Aurélien; Leyrat, C.; Ruyet, Bertrand Le; Matsuoka, Moe; Merlin, F.; Miyamoto, H.; Moynier, Frédéric; Tuong, Napoléon Nguyen; Ogohara, Kazunori; Osawa, Takahiro; Parisot, J.; Pistre, Laurie; Quertier, Benjamin; Raymond, Sean N.; Rocard, F.; Sakanoi, Takeshi; Sato, Takao M.; Sawyer, Eric; Tache, Feriel; Trémolières, Sylvain; Tsuchiya, Fuminori; Vernazza, Pierre; Zeganadin, Didier

doi:10.1186/s40623-021-01423-2

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…Then we will present some new laboratory measurements performed as preliminary work in order to investigate possible spectroscopic analogues for Phobos MNRAS 516, 465-476 (2022) and Deimos. This work will also support the scientific investigation of MIRS spectrometer (Barucci et al 2021 ) on-board MMX spacecraft.…”

mentioning

confidence: 71%

“…The MMX mission will aim to shed light on this topic, and the role of the MIRS spectrometer will be pivotal in this regard. MIRS, with its unprecedented spatial resolution, high S/N and a spectrum without interruption (Barucci et al 2021 ), will allow us to characterize the composition in detail and to investigate heterogeneity associated with the surface morphology. Numerous hypotheses have been made up today to explain the observed spectroscopic behaviour, although none is definitive.…”

Section: O N C L U S I O N Smentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phobos and Deimos surface composition: search for spectroscopic analogues

Poggiali

Matsuoka

Barucci

et al. 2022

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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Phobos and Deimos, the two satellites of Mars were largely studied in the past using ground-based telescope and spacecraft data, although most of the data were obtained by opportunity observations performed by Mars dedicated orbiters. Despite the data available so far, the main composition of the two moons is not yet fully understood. The possible presence of hydrated minerals along with mafic minerals olivine and pyroxene seems to be the most plausible interpretation, but more investigations are needed. MIRS spectrometer onboard the future JAXA MMX sample return mission will help to unveil the open question on the composition of Phobos and Deimos. In this work we review past spectroscopic observations of the Martian moons, both from ground observatories and spacecraft dataset, aiming at better understanding the constraints in interpreting the Mars satellites composition and at identifying the best spectroscopic analogs. We also present new laboratory measurements on mineral mixing and meteorites to match the satellites spectral behaviour. New measurements were acquired at INAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Arcetri and IPAG laboratories at room conditions exploring different geometries and the results obtained set new constraints for future laboratory measurements. Our preliminary results confirm that the surface of Phobos and Deimos can be associated with samples characterized by an higher presence of dark components (e.g. amorphous carbon) or minerals produced by space weathering (e.g. Fe0 and FeS-bearing materials). Presence of dark component could be also totally responsible for the reduced hydrated band observed on the moons without invoking dehydration or OH-implantation on anhydrous surface.

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confidence: 71%

Section: O N C L U S I O N Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Phobos and Deimos surface composition: search for spectroscopic analogues

Poggiali

Matsuoka

Barucci

et al. 2022

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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“…Measurements for the determination of bulk Phobos composition is the most direct approach for this purpose. OROCHI (Kameda et al 2021), the wide-angle visible multiband camera, and MIRS (Barruci et al 2021), the infrared spectrometer, will conduct near-global mapping of reflectance spectra of Phobos with spatial resolutions of the order of 10 m. Combining with the specification of fresh bedrock exposures by TENGOO (Kameda et al 2021), a panchromatic telescopic camera with much higher spatial resolutions, the spectroscopic mapping over wavelength from visible to infrared will constrain the mineral composition of Phobos bedrock. Hydrous minerals, if exist, are a very important proxy indicative of the capture origin of the moon, thus OROCHI and MIRS are designed to detect absorption bands at ~ 0.7 μm and ~ 2.7 μm, respectively, caused by hydroxyl group in mineral structures with sufficient signal-to-noise ratio.…”

Section: Science Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Martian moons exploration MMX: sample return mission to Phobos elucidating formation processes of habitable planets

Kuramoto

Kawakatsu

Fujimoto

et al. 2022

Earth Planets Space

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Martian moons exploration, MMX, is the new sample return mission planned by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) targeting the two Martian moons with the scheduled launch in 2024 and return to the Earth in 2029. The major scientific objectives of this mission are to determine the origin of Phobos and Deimos, to elucidate the early Solar System evolution in terms of volatile delivery across the snow line to the terrestrial planets having habitable surface environments, and to explore the evolutionary processes of both moons and Mars surface environment. To achieve these objectives, during a stay in circum-Martian space over about 3 years MMX will collect samples from Phobos along with close-up observations of this inner moon and carry out multiple flybys of Deimos to make comparative observations of this outer moon. Simultaneously, successive observations of the Martian atmosphere will also be made by utilizing the advantage of quasi-equatorial spacecraft orbits along the moons’ orbits. Graphical Abstract

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“…The MIRS (MMX InfraRed Spectrometer) is an imaging spectrometer that operates within the wavelength range of 0.9 to 3.6 µm. Over the course of the MMX mission's 3-year duration in circum-Martian space, MIRS primary objectives include conducting global spectral analyses of Phobos and Deimos to create surface composition maps, helping in the selection of optimal sampling sites on Phobos, and providing detailed surface composition analyses for both sites [1][2] . Furthermore, MIRS will examine the Martian atmosphere, with a particular focus on variations in water vapor, dust, clouds, and other atmospheric constituents over different local times.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MMX Infrared Spectrometer's optical architecture

Castelnau,

Bernardi,

Bonafous

et al. 2024

Optical Design and Engineering IX

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The MMX Infrared Spectrometer (MIRS) is an imaging spectrometer aboard the MMX (Martian Moons eXploration) JAXA mission. MIRS was constructed at LESIA in collaboration with five other French laboratories, with the collaboration and financial support of CNES, and in close partnership with JAXA. MIRS will remotely provide near-infrared spectral maps of Phobos and Deimos, containing spectral features used to analyze surface composition. MIRS will also study the Martian atmosphere, focusing on spatial and temporal changes in clouds, dust, and water vapor.A span of three and a half years separates the initial optical design studies for this instrument and the ongoing final tests conducted under vacuum on MIRS PFM (Proto-Flight Model) at LESIA facilities. Many design and development choices were influenced by this limited lead time. This paper will describe the key stages in the optical architecture's evolution during the instrument's development, guided by a design-to-effectiveness philosophy. Following an overview of the mission, its objectives, and the optical requirements of the instrument, we will expose the trade-off between a dioptric and a catoptric design, resulting in a catadioptric design including four freeform mirrors, a plane-ruled grating, two lens assemblies, and a linear variable filter. Each optical subassembly will be detailed, presenting its primary as-built characteristics. The alignment tolerances and procedures will also be briefly explained. Lastly, the measured optical performances of MIRS PFM will be presented and compared to the theoretical expectations.

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MIRS: an imaging spectrometer for the MMX mission

Cited by 16 publications

References 98 publications

Phobos and Deimos surface composition: search for spectroscopic analogues

Phobos and Deimos surface composition: search for spectroscopic analogues

Martian moons exploration MMX: sample return mission to Phobos elucidating formation processes of habitable planets

MMX Infrared Spectrometer's optical architecture

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