“…In previous works, 5–14 different circuits of voltage‐to‐current converters with grounded load are presented, in which various useful structural modifications and frequency compensations with external passive components are proposed for improving the stability in a given frequency range, as well as increasing the value of the output resistance. Moreover, the majority of the electronic circuits 3–6,8–12,14 are based on the Improved Howland Current Pump, which uses one op‐amp and five (or six) resistors. For the Improved Howland Current Pump, with an accurate selection of the ratios of the resistors and proper selection of the op‐amp, the independence of the output current from the voltage drop over the load can be achieved, as well as the bandwidth can up to about 100 kHz 6,10,12–14 and in some cases up to 1 MHz 5,8,9,11 .…”