Mirror image hydrocarbons from Tropical and Boreal forests

Williams, Jonathan; Yassaa, Noureddine; Bartenbach, S.; Lelieveld, J.

doi:10.5194/acp-7-973-2007

Cited by 70 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…This could partly explain the diurnal pattern of α-pinene mixing ratios, which exhibit some relation to a light-and temperature-dependent emission flux (Kuhn et al, 2002;Rinne et al, 2002;Williams et al, 2007). However, this behaviour was not observed for all monoterpene species.…”

Section: Compoundmentioning

confidence: 84%

Monoterpene chemical speciation in a tropical rainforest:variation with season, height, and time of dayat the Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO)

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Speciated monoterpene measurements in rainforest air are scarce, but they are essential for understanding the contribution of these compounds to the overall reactivity of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions towards the main atmospheric oxidants, such as hydroxyl radicals (OH), ozone (O 3 ) and nitrate radicals (NO 3 ). In this study, we present the chemical speciation of gas-phase monoterpenes measured in the tropical rainforest at the Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO, Amazonas, Brazil). Samples of VOCs were collected by two automated sampling systems positioned on a tower at 12 and 24 m height and analysed using gas chromatography-flame ionization detection. The samples were collected in October 2015, representing the dry season, and compared with previous wet and dry season studies at the site. In addition, vertical profile measurements (at 12 and 24 m) of total monoterpene mixing ratios were made using proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry. The results showed a distinctly different chemical speciation between day and night. For instance, α-pinene was more abundant during the day, whereas limonene was more abundant at night. Reactivity calculations showed that higher abundance does not generally imply higher reactivity. Furthermore, inter-and intra-annual results demonstrate similar chemodiversity during the dry seasons analysed. Simulations with a canopy exchange modelling system show simulated monoterpene mixing ratios that compare relatively well with the observed mixing ratios but also indicate the necessity of more experiments to enhance our understanding of in-canopy sinks of these compounds.

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Section: Compoundmentioning

confidence: 84%

Monoterpene chemical speciation in a tropical rainforest:variation with season, height, and time of dayat the Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO)

et al. 2018

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“…Ozone formation in inlet lines or on the fuselage of aircrafts has been documented to lead to measurement artefacts (Ridley et al, 2006, and references therein) whereas experimental evidence for ozone production by electrical discharges in the free troposphere is inconclusive. Shlanta and Moore (1972), Winterrath et al (1999) and Zahn et al (2002) suggested direct ozone production from corona discharge to explain the observed enhanced mixing ratios in a thunderstorm cloud and convectively active areas, respectively. In these studies no yield of O 3 molecules per flash is given.…”

Section: Missing Ozone Sourcementioning

confidence: 96%

“…Table 1 shows an overview of the various measured species and the related measurement techniques that were applied for the different instruments for the GABRIEL campaign. Further information of the measured species is reported in Stickler et al (2007), Williams et al (2007), Gebhardt et al (2008), Eerdekens et al (2009) and Martinez et al (2010). In 10 measurement flights, of 3 to 3.5 h each, the troposphere was probed in a region between 3.5 and 6 • N and between 59 and 51 • W .…”

Section: Mission Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of corona discharge on the ozone budget in the tropical free troposphere: a case study of deep convection during GABRIEL

et al. 2014

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Abstract. Convective redistribution of ozone and its precursors between the boundary layer (BL) and the free troposphere (FT) influences photochemistry, in particular in the middle and upper troposphere (UT). We present a case study of convective transport during the GABRIEL campaign over the tropical rain forest in Suriname in October 2005. During one measurement flight the inflow and outflow regions of a cumulonimbus cloud (Cb) have been characterized. We identified a distinct layer between 9 and 11 km altitude with enhanced mixing ratios of CO, O 3 , HO x , acetone and acetonitrile. The elevated O 3 contradicts the expectation that convective transport brings low-ozone air from the boundary layer to the outflow region. Entrainment of ozone-rich air is estimated to account for 62 % (range: 33-91 %) of the observed O 3 . Ozone is enhanced by only 5-6 % by photochemical production in the outflow due to enhanced NO from lightning, based on model calculations using observations including the first reported HO x measurements over the tropical rainforest. The "excess" ozone in the outflow is most probably due to direct production by corona discharge associated with lightning. We deduce a production rate of 5.12 × 10 28 molecules O 3 flash −1 (range: 9.89 × 10 26 -9.82 × 10 28 molecules O 3 flash −1 ), which is at the upper limit of the range reported previously.

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“…To date, little work has been done to analyze naturally occurring enantiomeric gas phase biogenic emissions. Specific plant emissions have been investigated previously using a β-cyclodextrin capillary GC with charcoal adsorption/solvent extraction (Yassaa et al, 2000), and carbograph adsorption/thermal desorption (Yassaa et al, 2001;Williams et al, 2007). In our previous works, we have reported on the applicability of SPME for qualitative study of the biogenic emission of enantiomeric and nonenantiomeric monoterpenes from living plants (Yassaa andWilliams, 2005, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative and enantioselective analysis of monoterpenes from plant chambers and in ambient air using SPME

et al. 2010

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Abstract.A headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) system has been developed for quantifying enantiomeric and nonenantiomeric monoterpenes in plant chamber studies and ambient air. Performance of this system was checked using a capillary diffusion system to produce monoterpene standards. The adsorption efficiency, competitive adsorption and chromatographic peak resolution of monoterpene enantiomer pairs were compared for three SPME fibre coatings: 75 µm Carboxen-PDMS (CAR-PDMS), 50/30 µm divinylbenzene-carboxenpolydimethylsiloxane (DVB-CAR-PDMS) and 65 µm divinylbenzene-polydimethylsiloxane (DVB-PDMS). Key parameters such as the linearity and reproducibility of the SPME system have been investigated in this work. The best compromise between the enantiomeric separation of monoterpenes and competitive adsorption of the isoprenoids on the solid SPME fibre coating was found for DVB-PDMS fibres. The optimum conditions using DVB-PDMS fibres were applied to measure the exchange rates of monoterpenes in the emission of Quercus ilex using a laboratory whole plant enclosure under light and dark conditions, as well as in ambient air. With 592 and 223 ng m −2 s −1 respectively, β-myrcene and limonene were the predominant monoterpenes in the emission of Q. ilex. These values were closely comparable to those obtained using a zNose and cartridge GC-FID systems.

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Mirror image hydrocarbons from Tropical and Boreal forests

Cited by 70 publications

References 39 publications

Monoterpene chemical speciation in a tropical rainforest:variation with season, height, and time of dayat the Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO)

Monoterpene chemical speciation in a tropical rainforest:variation with season, height, and time of dayat the Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO)

Influence of corona discharge on the ozone budget in the tropical free troposphere: a case study of deep convection during GABRIEL

Quantitative and enantioselective analysis of monoterpenes from plant chambers and in ambient air using SPME

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