Mirror electron microscopy investigations of thin polyethylene films subjected to high voltage

Godehardt, R.; Heydenreich, J.; Popescu-Pogrion, N.; Tirnovan, M.

doi:10.1016/s0040-6090(97)00522-1

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The techniques most widely used for micro- and mesoscale fabricationphotolithography, lift-off, e-beam writing, ion-beam writing, and reactive ion etchinggenerate planar patterns, rather than assemble components. In manipulation of individual components, the devices most commonly used include mechanical micromanipulators, , scanning probe devices, and optical tweezers. , New techniques for assembling mesoscopic components would be welcome in microelectronics, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), optoelectronics, and precision manufacturing of small systems. ,, …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…25,26 New techniques for assembling mesoscopic components would be welcome in microelectronics, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), optoelectronics, and precision manufacturing of small systems. 21,27,28 This paper describes the first phase of an effort to extend the principles of molecular self-assembly to mesoscale objects. The work has two direct inspirations: the formation of molecular crystals and life.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mesoscale Self-Assembly of Hexagonal Plates Using Lateral Capillary Forces: Synthesis Using the “Capillary Bond”

et al. 1999

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This paper examines self-assembly in a quasi-two-dimensional, mesoscale system. The system studied here involves hexagonal plates (“hexagons”) of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS; 5.4 mm in diameter, 0.9−2.0 mm thick), with faces functionalized to be hydrophilic or hydrophobic, floating at the interface between perfluorodecalin (PFD) and H2O. The hexagons assemble by capillary forces originating in the interactions of the menisci at their hydrophobic and hydrophilic rectangular faces. The strength and directionality of the interactions can be tailored by manipulating the heights of the faces, the pattern of the hydrophobic faces, the pattern of hydrophobic regions on these faces, and the densities of the three interacting phases (organic liquid, aqueous liquid, polymeric solid). Examination of all 14 possible combinations of hydrophobic and hydrophilic faces on the hexagonal plates led to three outcomes: (i) the extension of the strategies of self-assembly from the molecular to the mesoscale, (ii) the demonstration of a system in which small objects can be designed to self-assemble into a variety of arrays, and (iii) the hypothesis that capillary forces between objects can, in some circumstances, be considered to form the basis for a “bond” between themthe capillary bondand be used in synthesis in a way analogous to that in which noncovalent bonds are employed in molecular-scale synthesis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesoscale Self-Assembly of Hexagonal Plates Using Lateral Capillary Forces: Synthesis Using the “Capillary Bond”

et al. 1999

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“…The pressure before and after evaporation was (2-4 ð 10 6 torr, which increased to about 10 5 torr during the evaporation. The average deposition rate ranged from 0.1 to 10Å s 1 . The film thickness, estimated from the amount of polyethylene evaporated and the distance between the evaporation source and the substrate (10 cm), was about 900Å.…”

Section: Experimental Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With this aim, the -irradiated polyethylene samples were irradiated with a laser beam, on the copper grids. 3 Pulsed Nd : YAG laser irradiation was carried out in air by focussing the incident laser beam perpendicular to the target in the multi-pulse working conditions ( D 1064 nm, pulse time D 25 ns). The focal spot diameter was about 0.8-1.2 mm and thus a power of (1-10 MW per cm 2 ) was deposited on the irradiated area of the samples.…”

Section: Gamma and Laser Irradiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron microscopy of γ‐irradiated polyethylene

Bercia

Tirnovan

Bercia

et al. 2006

Surface & Interface Analysis

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In this paper, we have studied the structure and the phase transformations in thin films (obtained by evaporation from g-irradiated polyethylene bulks -ageing polymer) before and after laser irradiation. We made a comparison between the following samples: A -thin films obtained from g-irradiated polyethylene bulk and not subjected to laser irradiation; B -thin films obtained from g-irradiated polyethylene bulk and subjected to laser irradiation. We have revealed many modifications in the dielectric and structural properties of the thin films, depending on the dose, dose rate and the time of laser irradiation (in the case of samples B). The thickness of all deposited films was 90 nm. The samples (non-irradiated or irradiated) were analysed by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), in combination with selected area electron diffraction (SAED). We have also presented the structure of non-aged and non-irradiated thin polyethylene films (control polyethylene film), in which we observed a particularly puzzling phase between an incipient spherulitic phase and a fine structure of the spherulitic phase (specifically for thin PE films structure). After g-and laser irradiations, we observed a strong modification of the structure. The spherulitic phase was transformed. We observed large, amorphous, transparent crystals containing many defects, carbon precipitates, the beginning of crystallisation revealed by electron diffraction, treeing and breakdown figures (usually after laser irradiation).

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Examples of electrostatic electron optics: The Farrand and Elektros microscopes and electron mirrors

Hawkes¹

2012

Ultramicroscopy

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Mirror electron microscopy investigations of thin polyethylene films subjected to high voltage

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Mesoscale Self-Assembly of Hexagonal Plates Using Lateral Capillary Forces: Synthesis Using the “Capillary Bond”

Mesoscale Self-Assembly of Hexagonal Plates Using Lateral Capillary Forces: Synthesis Using the “Capillary Bond”

Electron microscopy of γ‐irradiated polyethylene

Examples of electrostatic electron optics: The Farrand and Elektros microscopes and electron mirrors

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