miRNAs: The Key Regulator of COVID-19 Disease

Hardin, Leyla Tahrani; Xiao, Nan

doi:10.1155/2022/1645366

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 221 publications

(279 reference statements)

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“…Interestingly, from this list miR‐15a‐5p and miR‐31‐5p appeared in two or more studies 56,57,73,78,82,84,86 and could potentially serve as biomarkers for disease severity. Table 3 summarises the targets and principle cellular pathways associated with miRNAs regulated during Inf vs C and S vs C stages and cited previously 46,56,73,88–120 . Most of the miRNAs were involved in targeting virus‐host interactions, viral replication, and host‐immune responses.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Differentially‐regulated miRNAs in COVID‐19: A systematic review

Ahmad

Gull

Baby

et al. 2023

Reviews in Medical Virology

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for coronavirus disease of 2019 that infected more than 760 million people worldwide with over 6.8 million deaths to date. COVID-19 is one of the most challenging diseases of our times due to the nature of its spread, its effect on multiple organs, and an inability to predict disease prognosis, ranging from being completely asymptomatic to death. Upon infection, SARS-CoV-2 alters the host immune response by changing host-transcriptional machinery. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are regarded as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression that can be perturbed by invading viruses. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have reported such dysregulation of host miRNA expression upon SARS-CoV-2 infection. Some of this could occur as an anti-viral response of the host to the viral infection. Viruses themselves can counteract that response by mounting their own pro-viral response that facilitates virus infection, an aspect which may cause pathogenesis. Thus, miRNAs could serve as possible disease biomarkers in infected people. In the current review, we have summarised and analysed the existing data about miRNA dysregulation in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 to determine their concordance between studies, and identified those that could serve as potential biomarkers during infection, disease progression, and death, even in people with other comorbidities. Having such biomarkers can be vital in not only predicting prognosis, but also the development of novel miRNA-based anti-virals and Abbreviations: 3 0 UTR, 3 0 untranslated regions; 5 0 UTR, 5 0

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Differentially‐regulated miRNAs in COVID‐19: A systematic review

Ahmad

Gull

Baby

et al. 2023

Reviews in Medical Virology

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“…Several miRNAs, including miR-200b-3p, miR-214-3p, miR-200c-3p, miR-125b, miR-18, miR-98-5p, and miR-27b, have been identified as targeting ACE2, TMPRSS2, or other bioactive molecules involved in the pathological processes of COVID-19 and other viral diseases. These miRNAs have shown both upregulation and downregulation in acute and critical patients, compared to healthy subjects ( 24 , 25 , 34 - 37 ). In other studies, the correlation between miR-200 and miR-24 with the regulation of ACE2 and furin, respectively, has been reported ( 38 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Relationship Between Serum miR-200b-3p and miR-214-3p Expression Levels with Soluble ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in COVID-19 Patients

Mortazavi,

Soltanshahi,

Tamaddon

2023

Iran J Pharm Res

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Background: The emergence and rapid global spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has presented a significant global health challenge. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infects human host cells through the interaction of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2), which serve as main regulators for viral entry. Specifically, ACE2 and TMPRSS2 genes are influenced by two microRNAs: miR-200b-3p and miR-214-3p, respectively. The objective of this study was to explore the association between the serum levels of miR-200b-3p and miR-214-3p and the presence of circulating ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in severe and non-severe cases of COVID-19. Objectives: This study sought to examine the potential utility of microRNAs as biomarkers for assessing disease severity and progression. Additionally, the study aimed to elucidate the interplay between microRNAs and the ACE2 and TMPRSS2 proteins, which play crucial roles in facilitating SARS-CoV-2 viral entry and infection. Methods: This practical-foundational study involved the collection of samples from 61 hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 and 31 healthy individuals. Subsequently, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique was utilized to measure the concentrations of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in the blood samples. Additionally, the expression levels of serum miR-200b-3p and miR-214-3p were analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The statistical analysis of the data was conducted using GraphPad Prism software (version 8.02) and SPSS software (version 19.0), ensuring the accurate interpretation of results. Results: The findings revealed significant increases in the peripheral blood concentrations of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in patients with non-severe COVID-19, compared to healthy individuals (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively). Similarly, patients with severe COVID-19 exhibited higher serum levels of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 than healthy subjects (P < 0.0001). Additionally, the serum levels of miR-200b-3p and miR-214-3p were decreased in both non-severe and severe COVID-19 patients, compared to healthy individuals (P < 0.01 and P < 0.0001, respectively). Moreover, a decrease in the serum levels of both miR-200b-3p and miR-214-3p was observed in patients with severe COVID-19, compared to those with non-severe cases (P < 0.001). Furthermore, this study identified a negative correlation between miR-200b-3p and ACE2 serum levels and between miR-214-3p and TMPRSS2 peripheral blood levels. Conclusions: The above-mentioned findings suggest that miR-200b-3p and miR-214-3p might be potential biomarkers for disease severity and prognosis in COVID-19 patients.

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“…The regulation of the mRNA expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2, the binding to silence or degrade viral genetic material, and the regulation of anti-inflammatory cytokine genes by suppressing the cytokine storm were suggested by a study. 55 In addition, some epigenetic studies have described some miRNAs involved in the deactivation of ACE2 or TMPRSS2: miR-200b-3p, miR-200c-3p, let-7c-5p, miR-98-5p, let-7 f-5p, miR-4500, and miR-27b. 56, 57 Figure 2 presents the mechanisms through which some miRNAs may regulate severe COVID-19.…”

Section: Epigenetic Mechanisms and Sars-cov-2 Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host Genetics and COVID-19: Genes Underlying the Patterns of Susceptibility and Prognosis

Khouri,

de Souza Candido,

Poli-Frederico

et al. 2023

Gene Expr

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Host-specific genetics, such as epigenetic profiles and genetic variants, can contribute to the pathogenesis of infectious diseases. Strong associations have been previously identified in infections by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Plasmodium falciparum, norovirus, and influenza A virus. Despite the efforts to characterize the role of host genetics in severe acute respiratory syndrome virus coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, this comprehension remains incipient. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can evolve with a wide spectrum of manifestations, ranging from asymptomatic and mild cases to severe forms with acute respiratory distress syndrome, multi-organ complications, and even death. Classic clinical risk factors only partially explain this interindividual variability, suggesting that host genetics may contribute to the heterogeneity of courses. Robust evidence has revealed the multiple associations of genes (ABO,

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miRNAs: The Key Regulator of COVID-19 Disease

Cited by 13 publications

References 221 publications

Differentially‐regulated miRNAs in COVID‐19: A systematic review

Differentially‐regulated miRNAs in COVID‐19: A systematic review

Evaluation of the Relationship Between Serum miR-200b-3p and miR-214-3p Expression Levels with Soluble ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in COVID-19 Patients

Host Genetics and COVID-19: Genes Underlying the Patterns of Susceptibility and Prognosis

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