miRNAs as novel biomarkers for bone related diseases

Foessl, Ines; Kotzbeck, Petra; Obermayer–Pietsch, Barbara

doi:10.21037/jlpm.2018.12.06

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…miRNAs are a class of non-coding RNAs that are approximately 18–25 nucleotides long [ 4 ]. It is thought that up to 60% of human protein-coding genes may be regulated by miRNAs [ 2 , 5 ]. They bind to the 3-untranslated regions (3-UTR) of target genes, leading to messenger RNA (mRNA) degradation and transcription inhibition [ 2 , 6 ].…”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…miR-31-3p has been found to inhibit osteoclastic bone resorption through the repression of osteoclast formation [ 1 ]. However, other studies have found that miR-31a-5p expression in BMSCs (bone mesenchymal stem cells) increases with age, and increases osteoclastogenesis, thereby contributing to age-related bone loss [ 5 ]. miR-31-5p was found to be downregulated in patients with WNT1 osteoporosis, a primary osteoporosis due to heterozygous p.C218G WNT1 mutation [ 32 ].…”

Section: The Role Of Micro Rna (Mirna) and Long-non-coding Rna (Lnmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In whole blood lysates of postmenopausal Chinese women, miR-194-5p was found to be upregulated by over five-fold, and could potentially be used to discriminate against osteopenia and osteoporosis [ 5 ].…”

Section: The Role Of Micro Rna (Mirna) and Long-non-coding Rna (Lnmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of Micro RNA and Long-Non-Coding RNA in Osteoporosis

Chen

2020

IJMS

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Osteoporosis is a major concern worldwide and can be attributed to an imbalance between osteoblastic bone formation and osteoclastic bone resorption due to the natural aging process. Heritable factors account for 60–80% of optimal bone mineralization; however, the finer details of pathogenesis remain to be elucidated. Micro RNA (miRNA) and long-non-coding RNA (lncRNA) are two targets that have recently come into the spotlight due to their ability to control gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and provide epigenetic modification. miRNAs are a class of non-coding RNAs that are approximately 18–25 nucleotides long. It is thought that up to 60% of human protein-coding genes may be regulated by miRNAs. They have been found to regulate gene expression that controls osteoblast-dependent bone formation and osteoclast-related bone remodeling. lncRNAs are highly structured RNA transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides that do not translate into proteins. They have very complex secondary and tertiary structures and the same degradation processes as messenger RNAs. The fact that they have a rapid turnover is due to their sponge function in binding the miRNAs that lead to a degradation of the lncRNA itself. They can act as signaling, decoy, and framework molecules, or as primers. Current evidence suggests that lncRNAs can act as chromatin and transcriptional as well as post-transcriptional regulators. With regards to osteoporosis, lncRNA is thought to be involved in the proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammatory response of the bone. This review, which is based on a systematic appraisal of the current literature, provides current molecular and genetic opinions on the roles of miRNAs and lncRNAs in osteoporosis. Further research into the epigenetic modification and the regulatory roles of these molecules will bring us closer to potential disease-modifying treatment for osteoporosis. However, more issues regarding the detailed actions of miRNAs and lncRNAs in osteoporosis remain unknown and controversial and warrant future investigation.

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Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Role Of Micro Rna (Mirna) and Long-non-coding Rna (Lnmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of Micro RNA and Long-Non-Coding RNA in Osteoporosis

Chen

2020

IJMS

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“…About 90% of extracellular miRNAs are bound to AGO proteins, and only 10% are packed in apoptotic bodies, exosomes, or high-density lipoprotein (HDL). 17 Circulating miRNAs actively regulate bone metabolism and thus can be regarded as “fingerprints” for many bone-related diseases, such as osteoporosis or bone tumors. 17 , 18 Circulating miRNAs are effectively detectable in liquid biopsies, including plasma, serum, and urine.…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small and Long Non-coding RNAs as Functional Regulators of Bone Homeostasis, Acting Alone or Cooperatively

Sikora

Marycz

Śmieszek

2020

Molecular Therapy - Nucleic Acids

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Emerging knowledge indicates that non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long-noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), have a pivotal role in bone development and the pathogenesis of bone-related disorders. Most recently, miRNAs have started to be regarded as potential biomarkers or targets for various sets of diseases, while lncRNAs have gained attention as a new layer of gene expression control acting through versatile interactions, also with miRNAs. The rapid development of RNA sequencing techniques based on next-generation sequencing (NGS) gives us better insight into molecular pathways regulated by the miRNA-lncRNA network. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge related to the function of miRNAs and lncRNAs as regulators of genes that are crucial for proper bone metabolism and homeostasis. We have characterized important non-coding RNAs and their expression signatures, in relationship to bone. Analysis of the biological function of miRNAs and lncRNAs, as well as their network, will pave the way for a better understanding of the pathogenesis of various bone disorders. We also think that this knowledge may lead to the development of innovative diagnostic tools and therapeutic approaches for bone-related disorders.

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“…Therefore, any changes within the microenvironment of a given tissue will be reflected in the content of its released exosomes [ 29 , 30 , 31 ]. In a number of pathologies, patient blood or body fluid samples were found to contain disease- specific micro RNAs (miRNAs), including bone-disease specific miRNAs [ 32 , 33 ]. For this reason, in addition to the fact that exosome encapsulated miRNAs are highly stable compared to free circulating miRNAs (membrane bilayer protects it from degradation), researchers are now looking into exosomes and their content, including miRNA and other components, as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for bone pathologies.…”

Section: Clinical Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparing the Bone Tissue Regeneration Ground by Exosomes: From Diagnosis to Therapy

2020

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Bone tissue engineering employs acellular scaffolds or scaffolds, along with cells and growth factors, to provide the mechanical support needed, as well as serve as a delivery vehicle for bioactive molecules to the injury sites. As tissue engineering continues to evolve, it has integrated two emerging fields: stem cells and nanotechnology. A paracrine factor that is found to be responsible for the major regenerative effect in stem cell transplantation is an extracellular vesicle called an ‘exosome’. Recent advances in nanotechnology have allowed the ‘exosome’ to be distinguished from other extracellular vesicles and be polymerized into a well-defined concept. Scientists are now investigating exosome uses in clinical applications. For bone-related diseases, exosomes are being explored as biomarkers for different bone pathologies. They are also being explored as a therapeutic agent where progenitor cell-derived exosomes are used to regenerate damaged bone tissue. In addition, exosomes are being tested as immune modulators for bone tissue inflammation, and finally as a delivery vehicle for therapeutic agents. This review discusses recently published literature on the clinical utilization of exosomes in bone-related applications and the correlated advantages. A particular focus will be placed on the potential utilization of regenerative cell-derived exosomes as a natural biomaterial for tissue regeneration.

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miRNAs as novel biomarkers for bone related diseases

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

The Role of Micro RNA and Long-Non-Coding RNA in Osteoporosis

The Role of Micro RNA and Long-Non-Coding RNA in Osteoporosis

Small and Long Non-coding RNAs as Functional Regulators of Bone Homeostasis, Acting Alone or Cooperatively

Preparing the Bone Tissue Regeneration Ground by Exosomes: From Diagnosis to Therapy

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