miRNA Pathway Alteration in Response to Non-Coding RNA Delivery in Viral Vector-Based Gene Therapy

Abstract

Gene therapy is widely used to treat incurable disorders and has become a routine procedure in clinical practice. Since viruses can exhibit specific tropisms, effectively penetrate the cell, and are easy to use, most gene therapy approaches are based on viral delivery of genetic material. However, viral vectors have some disadvantages, such as immune response and cytotoxicity induced by a disturbance of cell metabolism, including miRNA pathways that are an important part of transcription regulation. Therefore, any viral-based gene therapy approach involves the evaluation of side effects and safety. It is possible for such effects to be caused either by the viral vectors themselves or by the delivered genetic material. Many gene therapy techniques use non-coding RNA delivery as an effective agent for gene expression regulation, with the risk of cellular miRNA pathways being affected due to the nature of the non-coding RNAs. This review describes the effect of viral vector entry and non-coding RNA delivery by these vectors on miRNA signaling pathways.

Unraveling Therapeutic Opportunities and the Diagnostic Potential of microRNAs for Human Lung Cancer

“…These vectors are engineered to express the desired miRNA mimic or inhibitor and are capable of efficient transduction of both dividing and non-dividing cells ( Figure 5 ). Several preclinical and clinical studies have shown the efficacy of viral-vector-based delivery of miRNA therapeutics for lung cancer treatment [ 92 , 93 ]. For example, a phase I clinical trial tested the safety and efficacy of intravenous delivery of a lentiviral vector expressing miR-16 in patients with advanced NSCLC.…”

Recent advances in biomaterial designs for assisting CAR-T cell therapy towards potential solid tumor treatment

“…[67][68][69][70][71] Although viral vectors have high gene delivery efficiency, they can cause immune responses and uncertainty in gene insertion. 72 Yu et al constructed epidermal growth factor receptor variant III CAR expression plasmid vectors for third-generation intracellular expression of CAR-targeting EGFR variant III. It was found that self-assembled nanoparticles ( pEGFRvIII-CAR@SNPs) could exhibit high efficiency and reduced cytotoxicity in gene transfection of Jurkat cells, which has considerable potential for T cell transient CAR modification.…”

Methods of miRNA delivery and possibilities of their application in neuro-oncology

“…Presently, viral vectors serve as a widely employed tool for delivering miRNAs into cells [ 37 ]. There exists a wide array of viral vectors, each possessing its own set of advantages and disadvantages ( Table 1 ) [ [38] , [39] , [40] ]. Considerable efforts are currently directed towards enhancing the safety and efficiency of miRNA delivery into cells using viral vectors.…”