Miratü’lEbdan Fi Teşrih-i Azaül-İnsan: first printed illustrated anatomy book in Ottoman-Turkish medicine

Abstract

Background: Medical education in Ottoman-Turkish medicine was shaped by the influence of Claudius Galenus (c.130-c.210) and Ibn-i Sina (c.980-c.1037). These teachings were performed in madrasahs until the beginning of the 19 th century. Within the scope of master-apprentice relationship, medical training was also given in private clinics. As a result of religious and social pressures on scientific studies, human cadavers were never used because they were considered sacred. For centuries, all books were handwritten in the Ottoman Empire until the first printing press was established in Istanbul during 1726. However, the first illustrated book on anatomy was not printed until another 100 years later. Materials and methods: A comparative study was conducted on the anatomical drawings in "Miratü'l Ebdan Fi Teşrih-i Azau'l İnsan" (Ataullah ŞM, 17 th), and significance of this book. Results: Forty-six out of 56 figures were received from the book of physician and anatomist Jean Palfin (1650-1730). Remaining 9 figures were cited from author himself as collected from Bernard

The Illustrations and Terminology of Hamse-i Sânizâde written by Sânizâde Ataullah Efendi: The Stomach

“…He was appreciated and supported by Sultan Mahmud II (1785-1839), who had a great influence on the progress of the Ottoman state in science. He worked as a historian in the Ottoman state between 1808-1821 (Ortug et al, 2018).…”

“…On the other hand, science historian Esin Kahya has divided his works into works and translations in the field of medicine, and non-medical sciences (Kahya, 1991;Erol, 2012). She compiled his works on history in four volumes in the work titled "Tarih-i Sânizâde" (History Book of Sânizâde) and published it in 1820 (Ortug et al, 2018). It's known that he has a work on geography titled "Müfredât-ı Külliye Fi Sevâllâ'l-Bahriyye" (Book of Navy) but the book is not available today which is believed to be a great loss in terms of geography (Zulfikar, 1991).…”

“…( 1697 (Zulfikar, 1991;Acıduman et al, 2009;Bahsi & Bahsi, 2019a,b;Ortug, 2019). The study conducted by Ortug et al (2018) also reported that he took the 1-19, 23-48 and 51st illustrations from Palfin J (1650-1730) (Ortug et al, 2018;Ortug, 2019). It is thought that the illustrations inside the book were taken from the book of Vesalius titled "De Humani Corporis Fabrica", and these illustrations are mostly related to the skeleton.…”