“…Indeed, small RNA sequencing identified 88 upregulated miRNAs and 46 downregulated miRNAs in EVs from HPM culture compared to the DMEM culture. These 88 upregulated miRNAs included miRNAs that have been reported to suppress/inhibit tumor growth and metastasis such as miR-16-2-3p, miR-92b-3p, miR-197-3p, miR-204-5p, miR-320a, miR-411-5p, miR-424-5p, miR-708-5p, miR-718, miR-944, let-7a-5p, and let-7e-5p [52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64], suggesting that EVs from HPM culture may have superior anti-tumor effects. On the other hand, miRNAs known to protect articular cartilage and enhance cartilage regeneration such as miR-23a-3p, miR-26a-5p, miR-31-5p, miR-100-5p, and miR-140-3p are included in the 46 downregulated miRNAs [44,[65][66][67][68], suggesting that EVs from HPM culture may have less therapeutic effects in the treatment for osteoarthritis.…”