miR‐34a‐5p Attenuates EMT through targeting SMAD4 in silica‐induced pulmonary fibrosis

Abstract

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Mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate silica‐induced pulmonary fibrosis by inhibition of inflammation and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition

“…Our previous studies have shown that inflammation is predominant before 14 days, and fibrosis is predominant afterwards in a silica‐induced mouse pulmonary fibrosis model. After 28 days, mature cellular silicon nodules are formed, accompanied by a large amount of collagen deposition 24,25 . A recent study has reported the collagen fibres and the number of nodules formed on day 15 after silica instillation 26 .…”

New Insights into Pathomechanisms and Treatment Possibilities for Lung Silicosis

“…Rupatadine [96] Piroxicam [115] Nicorandil [123,124] Hesperetin [125] MicroRNA [126][127][128][129][130][131][132] Mesenchymal cells [133][134][135][136] Extracellular vesicles [137,138] The blockade of IL-9, a cytokine which belongs to Th2 cytokines, might also be of benefit. In silica-challenged mice, treatment with an anti-IL-9-neutralizing antibody inhibited lung fibrosis, as assessed by lung hydroxyproline level, and suppressed the levels of cytokines and chemokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, CCL2, CXCL1, and TNFα in BALF [97,98].…”

“…Recently, several miRNA have been successfully used in in vitro or in vivo silica studies. For example, miR-326 inhibited inflammation and promoted autophagy activity [126], miR-449a reduced lung fibrotic lesions and upregulated autophagic activity [127], miR-326 inhibited TGFβ1 expression and attenuated the lung fibrotic response [128], miR-29b and miR-34a suppressed silica-induced EMT [129,130], miR-503 mitigated the TGFβ1-induced effects in fibroblasts [131], and miR-542-5p reduced the proliferation of fibroblasts and inhibited silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis [132].…”

Pulmonary fibrosis from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic interventions: lessons from post-COVID-19 patients

“…Indeed, epigenetic alterations can contribute to the activation of fibroblasts and EMT processes. In the last decades, several authors report the involvement of micro RNA (miRNA) in one or more mechanisms of lung fibrosis from the EMT, EndMT induction, and ECM production ending to the activation of immune cells [91] , [92] , [93] , [94] . Recently, other types of non-coding RNAs, the lncRNAs, are attracting great attention.…”