“…Given its inflammatory potential, the NF-κB signaling pathway is tightly regulated by proteins including inhibitor of NF-κB alpha (IκBα), which prevents NF-κB nuclear translocation and transcriptional activation until immunoproteasome-mediated IκBα degradation occurs (Suryavanshi & Kulkarni, 2017;Zhu, Han, Yuan, Xue, & Pang, 2018). The IKK complex is composed of three subunits each encoded by a separate gene, including IKKα, IKKβ, and IKKγ (Ben et al, 2019;Matsui et al, 2018); in which, IKKβ is critical for the production of inflammatory cytokines and associated with the activation of cancers, including breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, melanoma, and acute myeloid leukemia (Greten et al, 2004).…”