miR‐196a regulates the skin pigmentation of koi carp (Cyprinus carpioL.) by targeting transcription factormitfa

Abstract

Body colour of fish is an important phenotypic trait that closely related to its survival and reproduction, which involved in many biological processes such as mimicry, courtship, camouflage and environmental adaptation (Kelsh, 2004; Protas & Patel, 2008). Compared with mammals and birds, fish are ideal models for skin colour differentiation and pigmentation research, which possess various pigment cells including melanophores (black), xanthophores (yellow), erythrophores (red), iridophores (iridescent, blue, silver or gold) and leucophores (dull, whitish) (Braasch, Schartl, & Volff, 2007). Koi carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) is an ornamental fish selected from the common carp (C. carpio) with several colour variants including Kohaku, Taisho sanke and Showa sanshoku, thus provides good materials for the researches related to fish skin colour (De Kock & Gomelsky, 2015). To date, a series of genes have been identified in the differentiation and pigmentation in koi carp, such as melanogenesis pathway genes including tyrosinase (tyr), tyrosinase-related protein 1 (tyrp1), dopachrome tautomerase (dct), melanocortin 1 receptor (mc1r), agouti signalling protein (asip) and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor a (mitfa). Among them, mitfa is an important member of the mitf gene family that located in the centre of gene regulatory networks in which act as a 'master regulator', and its product has a basic/

Identification of Potential Blind-Side Hypermelanosis-Related lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA Regulatory Network in a Flatfish Species, Chinese Tongue Sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis)

“…Likely, unfavorable environmental stresses alter the expression profiles of key genes, which are mediated by lncRNAs and miRNAs. This is consistent with previous reports on other aquaculture species, where numerous lncRNAs and miRNAs have been confirmed to play key roles in pigmentation regulation (Feng et al, 2018;Luo et al, 2018;Luo et al, 2019;Dong et al, 2020;Yin et al, 2020;Li Z. et al, 2021).…”

“…Furthermore, evidence shows that lncRNAs can regulate melanogenesis via epigenetic regulation, while miRNAs can directly target many melanogenesis-related genes (Ho et al, 2020;review by Zhou et al, 2021). In aquaculture species, numerous significant differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) and miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) have been identified or further investigated by using different skin colors or other pigmented tissues in numerous species, such as Koi carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) (Luo et al, 2018(Luo et al, , 2019Dong et al, 2020;Yin et al, 2020), Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) (Feng et al, 2018;Li Z. et al, 2021), red tilapia (Oreochromis sp. red tilapia) (Wang et al, 2018), common carp (Cyprinus carpio) (Yan et al, 2013), and Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) (Wang et al, 2019).…”

Identification and Characterization of microRNAs in Morphological Color Change of Polychromatic Midas Cichlids (Amphilophus citrinellus)

“…We suggest that miR-133-x and miR-183-x may be involved in the regulation of dark pigment cells during ontogeny. Previous studies have reported that miR-196a and miR-206 play a regulatory role in koi skin pigmentation by targeting the mitf and mc1r genes, respectively [27,58]. Yan et al [59] found that miR-429 targets foxd3 silencing in the common carp, thereby affecting the expression of mitf and its downstream genes including tyr, tyrp1, and tyrp2 to regulate skin pigmentation.…”

Integrated transcriptome and microRNA analysis reveals molecular responses to high-temperature stress in the liver of American shad (Alosa sapidissima)

“…The steps of transcriptome and miRNA sequencing were referred to the previous research methods of Luo et al [ 46 , 47 ]. Transcriptome sequencing mainly includes data quality control, comparison with the reference genome, transcript assembly, quantification of gene expression, differential gene analysis and functional annotation; the detailed steps are listed in Supplementary file 3 .…”