miR-155 as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in hematological and solid malignancies

Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNAs that have emerged as potent regulators of the target genes messenger RNAs expression in the response of cell to both physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Reflecting pathological processes today, miRNAs are widely validated for their potential role in diagnostic, prognostic and novel therapeutic targeting for cancerous and other diseases. miR-155 is considered as a typical multifunctional miRNA including its role as oncomiR (cancer-associated miRNA). Expression of miR-155 is upregulated in cells with high proliferative activity and decreased apoptotic capability. It belongs to cluster of well-characterized tumor associated miRNAs detectable also in the peripheral blood. In this review we summarize the principles of miR-155 host gene expressional regulation, as well as its role in regulation of the target genes mRNAs. Altered expression of miR-155 has been described in multiple cancerous and other diseases, reflecting staging, progress and treatment outcomes. Therefore, miR-155 became a potential biomarker and candidate for clinical utilization as predictor of the presence of cancer, its staging and prognosis.

Investigation of microRNA-155 as a serum diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for colorectal cancer

“…Multivariate analysis revealed that serum miR-155 expression level was independent prognostic factors for OS, as well as PFS. miR-155 was found to be overexpressed in various solid tumors, including CRC [9][10][11][12]. Moreover, miR-155 has been shown to enhance tumor invasion and migration, and acts as a mediator of EMT [13].…”

Assessing the clinical value of microRNAs in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded liposarcoma tissues: Overexpressed miR-155 is an indicator of poor prognosis

“…An effect CK1a targeting by miR-155 is the enhanced b-catenin/cyclin D1 expression which ultimately promotes LPS proliferation and cell-cycle progression [26]. MiR-155 has also been associated with poor prognosis and acts as an oncomiR in several major human malignancies [51, 52], including breast cancer [53], lung cancer [31], colorectal cancer [30] and pancreatic cancer [29]. The only miRNAs that has been proven, up to now, to have prognostic value for LPS are miR-26a-2 and miR-135-b [21, 27].…”

miR‐155 expression in antitumor immunity: The higher the better?

“…Abnormal expression of miR‐155 has been found in different types of cancers, so that this microRNA is considered a prognostic marker in hematological as well as in solid malignancies . Enhanced expression was found in solid tumors such as breast, colon, lung, cervical, pancreatic, and thyroid cancers .…”