Mir-140 and Mir-34a as Molecular Markers for Apoptotic Brain in Sunset Yellow and Carmoisine Intoxicated Mice

Abstract

Brain is the central organ in human body, that is working 24hr/7days even before we leave our mother`s womb. None surprising that care should be paid for the food consumed that consequently affecting brain environment, neurotransmitters as well as oxidative state. Carmoisine (Car) and sunset yellow (SY) are synthetic food additives extensively utilized during food processing and subsequently affecting brain health. The apoptotic effect underling the behavioral changes after oral consumption of either Car or SY remains not fully understudied. Respective biochemical and molecular biological parameters by means of one fifty adult male mice were conducted. The study extended for 3 months on 5 different groups with ten mice each; Group 1 was utilized as the control group, group 2 was treated with the acceptable daily intake (ADI) of SY (30 mg/kg BW), group 3 was treated with 10x ADI of SY, group 4 was treated with ADI of Car (4 mg/kg BW) and group 5 was administered 10x ADI of Car; all doses were given orally via gastric lavage. Exposure to higher doses of either SY or Car significantly altered the biochemical parameters; decreased both serotonin and dopamine levels and total antioxidant capacity as well. However, increased the lipid peroxidation marker malonaldehyde (MDA), upregulated the mRNA expression of the pro-apoptotic genes (Fas, Fas-L, Bax and casp3) and down regulated the transcriptional level of the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl2.Moreover upregulated both miR-140 and miR-34a expression levels and consequently down-regulated their target genes NRF-2 and SIRT-1, respectively. So, we can conclude that excessive oral administration of either Car or SY has apoptotic effect and care should be paid with their usage.

Evaluation of anti-cancer effects of carnosine and melittin-loaded niosomes in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells

“…These modifications frequently result in alterations to cellular properties like proliferation, differentiation, and programmed cell death. In numerous cancer types, miRNA-183 has been demonstrated to have both tumor-suppressive and oncolytic functions ( Hussein et al, 2021 ). miRNA-183 targets programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) and Fork-head box O3 (FOXO3) to increase proliferation and invasion in human carcinoma ( Cao et al, 2020 ; Rani et al, 2023 ).…”

MicroRNA‐140‐5p inhibitor attenuates memory impairment induced by amyloid‐ß oligomer in vivo possibly through Pin1 regulation

“…miR‐140‐5 has been shown to importantly contribute to alterations in oxidative stress and apoptotic cascades in brain. 21 A study on the epigenetic changes in stroke patients revealed that plasma levels of miR‐140‐5p significantly increase in the late‐onset post‐stroke depression patients, and thus it can consider as a novel biomarker to early predict the disease. 16 The predictive role of miR‐140‐5p has been also indicated for age‐related cognitive decline.…”

“…The complicated contribution of miR‐140‐5p in several neurological diseases, such as stroke, 16 multiple sclerosis, 17 autism spectrum disorder, 18 AD, 19 and Parkinson's disease, 20 has been already reported. miR‐140‐5 has been shown to importantly contribute to alterations in oxidative stress and apoptotic cascades in brain 21 . A study on the epigenetic changes in stroke patients revealed that plasma levels of miR‐140‐5p significantly increase in the late‐onset post‐stroke depression patients, and thus it can consider as a novel biomarker to early predict the disease 16 .…”