MiR-124 Prevents the Microglial Proinflammatory Response by Inhibiting the Activities of TLR4 and Downstream NLRP3 in Palmitic Acid-Treated BV2 Cells

Palmitoleic acid protects microglia from palmitate-induced neurotoxicity in vitro

“…NLRP3 has been found to sense PA stimulation, and it has been reported that only 3 days of high-fat diet (HFD) feeding can increase the gene expression of NLRP3 in microglia [40]. However, it is not further explained whether the downstream of the NLRP3 inflammasome is related to pyroptosis [41]. Our work suggests that NLRP3 inflammasome activation is associated with the upregulation of pyroptosis-related proteins.…”

Regulation by noncoding RNAs of local translation, injury responses, and pain in the peripheral nervous system

“…These results imply that miR-124 inhibits pro-inflammatory pathways and that buffering of miR-124 by the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) action of circHIPK3 can lead to upregulated translation of pro-inflammatory transcripts. However, miR-124 may not directly target pro-inflammatory transcripts for repression, and in other settings of neuroinflammation miR-124 has been shown to promote microglial activation through targeting components of the MAPK and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway (C. Yang et al, 2022 ; L. Yao et al, 2019 ). The downregulation of miR-124 within the sciatic nerve following nerve injury also indicates a potential dynamic interaction of circHIPK3/miR-124 locally near the injury sites for neuroinflammatory responses although circHIPK3 expression has not been demonstrated within the sciatic nerve, to our knowledge ( Yu et al, 2011 ).…”

Epigenetic regulation in opioid induced hyperalgesia

“…TLR4 KO mice did not exhibit the M3G-induced hyperalgesia seen in WT mice. Further, miR-124 inhibits the pro-inflammatory actions of TLR4 signaling ( Yang et al, 2022 ), which prevents the upregulation of TLR4 after chronic cocaine administration ( Periyasamy et al, 2018 ). These studies show that TLR4 regulates OIH outcomes and miR-124 control of TLR4 activity is one of the well-studied epigenetic modulations of OIH.…”