Miotics and retinal detachment: Upgrading the community standard

Kraushar, Marvin F.; Steinberg, James A.

doi:10.1016/0039-6257(91)90053-i

Cited by 25 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In addition, it is known that strong miotics can cause occasional retinal breaks and detachments (for reviews see Refs. 42–45). Controlled contraction could achieve and maintain the appropriate lens configuration without abruptly stretching the retina.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphologic Indication for Proprioception in the Human Ciliary Muscle

Flügel-Koch¹,

Neuhuber

Kaufman

et al. 2009

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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Purpose To search for proprioceptive nerve terminals in human ciliary muscle. Methods In 48 human donor eyes, histologic and ultrathin sections cut in different planes and wholemounts of the ciliary muscle were studied. Immunohistochemical staining with antibodies against pan-neuronal antigens and antigens reported as markers for sensory terminals in other organs was performed. Results Among the markers for proprioceptive terminals, only calretinin was present in the ciliary body. Calretinin-immunoreactive (IR) nerve terminals surrounded the posterior and reticular ciliary muscle tips and their elastic tendons. Terminals in that region contained mitochondria and neurofilaments. At the anterior tips larger terminals with numerous membrane-filled vesicles were located between the muscle fibers. The most elaborate network of calretinin-IR nerve fibers was present in the ground plate covering the circular muscle portion. Here calretinin-IR neurons with morphologic features of mechanoreception were present. Within the circular muscle portion numerous calretinin-IR ganglion cells were found. Their processes were connected to the calretinin-IR network but also surrounded ciliary muscle cells and NADPH-diaphorase-positive ganglion cells. Conclusions These morphologic findings indicate that there are proprioreceptors in the ciliary muscle that morphologically and presumably functionally differ at different locations. At the posterior muscle tips, the receptors could measure stretch of the tendons, whereas the large receptor organs located at the anterior muscle tips morphologically resemble mechanoreceptors measuring shear stress. The presence of the numerous intrinsic nerve cells indicates that contraction of the circular muscle portion can be modulated locally via a self-contained reflex arc.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphologic Indication for Proprioception in the Human Ciliary Muscle

Flügel-Koch¹,

Neuhuber

Kaufman

et al. 2009

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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“…In Kuwait, RRD was significantly associated with both sunshine and ambient temperature [3] . It is possible that the light-induced miosis in the summer is associated with zonular stress on the peripheral retina predisposing to RRD comparable to pilocarpineassociated retinal detachment [18] . The effect of the ambient temperature and the body-core temperature on the temperature distribution in the human eye has been examined experimentally.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Variation of Retinal Detachment in Lebanon

et al. 2009

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Background: The literature remains controversial regarding seasonal variation of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). Methods: In this retrospective chart review, seasonal variation of RRD was examined based on the records of 211 consecutive patients operated for idiopathic RRD in one referral medical center over a 13-year period. Results: The number of eyes with RRD recorded per season was 46 in autumn, 46 in winter, 62 in spring and 57 in summer. There was a significant seasonal variation (p < 0.05) with an increase in RRD in the warm seasons (spring and summer) compared to the cold seasons (winter and autumn; 56 vs. 44%). Right eyes were more likely to be affected than left eyes (54 vs. 46%), and cases presented with a significantly younger age at onset in the warm than in the cold seasons (47 vs. 54 years, p = 0.007). A literature review of 8,533 cases including the present case series established further the seasonal variation of RRD (p < 0.001). Conclusion: There is convincing evidence for a seasonal variation of RRD in Lebanon and in the literature. This is likely to be related to sun exposure and outdoor activities in the warm seasons.

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“…144 Potential ocular side effects include cataract, retinal detachment, and iris cysts, which may encroach on the visual axis. [145][146][147] Some ophthalmologists prescribe phenylephrine 2.5% eyedrops twice daily to be used concurrently with the cholinesterase inhibitor to reduce the risk of iris cyst formation. Echothiophate iodide may be difficult to obtain in the United States.…”

Section: Other Pharmacologic Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%