Miocene pollen and spore flora of Eniwetok Atoll, Marshall Islands

Leopold, Estella B.

doi:10.3133/pp260ii

Cited by 30 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…As described above, Rhizophora pollen is present in the Eocene/Oligocene sediments of Borneo, and pollen of either Rhizophora or Ceriops is recorded from the Middle to Upper Eocene of south-western Australia (Churchill, 1973: 82). Leopold (1969) showed a distribution of Rhirophora in the west and south Pacific far more extensive during the Miocene than at present, recording Rhizophora pollen from the Miocene of Enewetok Atoll, Marshall Islands, also from Miocene dark peat sediments on Viti Levu, Fiji (Ladd, 1965), and from thin peat beds in the Miocene Alifan Limestone on Guam, described by Tracey et al (1964). The Enewetok Miocene pollen was classified as cf.…”

Section: Palaeophytogeographymentioning

confidence: 77%

The Pacific palaeogeography of Rhizophora mangle L. (Rhizophoraceae)

Ellison

1991

Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society

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ELLISON, J. C, 1991. The Pacific palaeogeography of Rhizophora mangle L. (Rhizophoraceae). The American red mangrove, Rhizophora mangle is disjunct in its occurrence between the Neotropics and an outlier in the south‐west Pacific, a distribution which has been speculated upon for over a century. The species is shown to be indigenous in Tonga, the first such evidence from the outlier, with certain identification of abundantly occurring pollen in an early Holocene mangrove peat, that pre‐dates the arrival of man by some 2500 years. It is suggested from review of world‐wide fossil records that the species crossed the Pacific eastwards during the Eocene, facilitated by land connections resultant from low stands of sea level and before major subsidence of the Pacific plate. Then subsidence of the Pacific plate caused local extinctions on islands of the central and eastern Pacific as they periodically submerged, the species not able to recolonize from either refuges west of the Andesite line or America due to loss of land connections and its poor dispersal capability.

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Section: Palaeophytogeographymentioning

confidence: 77%

The Pacific palaeogeography of Rhizophora mangle L. (Rhizophoraceae)

Ellison

1991

Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society

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“…The fossil record for Avicennia is less detailed than that of Rhizophora and it is first recorded in the early Eocene of France (Gruas-Cavagnetto et al 1988) and in the late Eocene in the London Clay flora (Chandler 1951) and Australia (Churchill 1973). By the mid-Miocene, it was present in the Marshall Islands (Leopold 1969) and Japan (Tsuda et al 1986). Saenger (1998) interpreted the fossil distribution of these two genera as an evolution on the eastern shores of the Tethys Sea during the early Eocene, followed by westward migration.…”

Section: Origins Of Mangrove Taxamentioning

confidence: 97%

Evolutionary genetics of mangroves: continental drift to recent climate change

Dodd

Rafii

2001

Trees

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Recent advances in our knowledge of the genetic architecture of mangrove species are reviewed and the consequences of this genetic architecture for species response to environmental change are inferred. The origins of mangrove taxa have been discussed many times, particularly in the context of centers of origin and continental drift. While global patterns of mangrove species diversity have been interpreted in the context of tectonic events and opening and closing of seawater passages, species evolution on a finer scale depends on more recent processes of population extinction and advances in response to spatio-temporal climatic and environmental flux. Understanding the likely effects of global climate change on mangrove distributions requires a focus on these more recent intraspecific evolutionary processes. Many mangrove taxa have wide geographic ranges that have been attributed to efficient propagule dispersal. Such gene flow should provide a genetic cohesiveness among populations. However, as with many wide-ranging marine organisms, we are finding important population genetic structure in widespread mangrove species, suggesting that gene flow is less effective than previously thought. Are these widespread taxa more recent and undergoing speciation? Spatial patterns in genetically adaptive traits indicate that some populations may survive more successfully under changing environmental conditions. However, is the present-day genetic architecture best poised to respond to predictions of climate change? These questions are addressed in the light of our increasing knowledge of genetic diversity in mangrove species.

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“…marina pollen has also been recorded by Bessedik & Cabrera (1985) from France and Spain, in an area corresponding to the maximum Miocene transgression in the northwest Mediterranean. There is, as yet, no geological evidence to support the paleobiogeographic outline proposed by Chapman in Por & Dor (1984) Leopold (1969), Huang (1972), Mukherjee & Chanda (1973), Saxena (1981), and others, but here a fuller description of pollen from herberium material is given. The fossil material all falls into the range of the modern New Zealand A. marina var.…”

Section: Received 23 May 1986; Accepted 11 September 1986mentioning

confidence: 66%

“…25 of the Marshall Islands (Leopold 1969), from the upper Miocene of northwest Borneo (Muller 1964;Anderson & Muller 1975), and from the Pliocene of Guyana (Wymstra 1971). Avicennia cf.…”

Section: Received 23 May 1986; Accepted 11 September 1986mentioning

confidence: 99%

An early Holocene occurrence of the mangroveAvicennia marinain Poverty Bay, North Island, New Zealand: Its climatic and geological implications

Mildenhall

Brown

1987

New Zealand Journal of Botany

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Pollen evidence indicates that the mangrove Avicennia marina var. resinifera (Forst. f.) Bakh. (Avicenniaceae) once occurred in Poverty Bay, and its presence is used as evidence for warm climate following the last glaciation. Radiocarbon dates indicate a maximum time of 9840 + 190 years B. P. (NZ 6309B)* for this warm climate event, coinciding with the Holocene climatic optimum. The mangrove is currently found c. 1 ~ further north in the Bay of Plenty.The climatic implications of the pollen data when considered with macrofaunal determinations, sediment lithologies, depositional environments, and radiocarbon dates show that the early postglacial in Poverty Bay was a time of complex depositional and erosional conditions associated with the postglacial rise in sealevel, local tectonic activity, and the concomitant change in coastal geomorphology.A full description of the pollen of extant Avicennia marina var. resinifera is presented.

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Miocene pollen and spore flora of Eniwetok Atoll, Marshall Islands

Cited by 30 publications

References 22 publications

The Pacific palaeogeography of Rhizophora mangle L. (Rhizophoraceae)

The Pacific palaeogeography of Rhizophora mangle L. (Rhizophoraceae)

Evolutionary genetics of mangroves: continental drift to recent climate change

An early Holocene occurrence of the mangroveAvicennia marinain Poverty Bay, North Island, New Zealand: Its climatic and geological implications

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