Miocene flooding events of western Amazonia

Jaramillo, Carlos; Romero, Ingrid; D’Apolito, Carlos; Bayona, Germán; Duarte, Edward; Louwye, Stephen; Escobar, Jaime; Luque, Javier; Carrillo-Briceño, Jorge D.; Zapata, Vladimir; Mora, A.; Schouten, Stefan; Zavada, Michael S.; Harrington, Guy J.; Ortiz, John; Wesselingh, Frank P.

doi:10.1126/sciadv.1601693

Cited by 143 publications

(136 citation statements)

References 123 publications

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“…More recently, Boonstra, Ramos, Lammertsma, Antoine, and Hoorn () found evidence from foraminifera and dinoflagellate cysts that marine incursions reached 2,000 km inland from the Caribbean Sea during the early to middle Miocene during periods of high sea levels. The extent and duration of these marine influences is controversial (see Jaramillo et al, and references therein). Yet, it is undeniable that the Pebas system was unsuitable for the late Oligocene terrestrial fauna and flora occupying Western Amazonia, and therefore was likely to affect the timing of diversification and dispersal of Neotropical biodiversity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renewed diversification following Miocene landscape turnover in a Neotropical butterfly radiation

Chazot

Willmott

Lamas

et al. 2019

Global Ecol Biogeogr

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Aim The landscape of the Neotropical region has undergone dynamic evolution throughout the Miocene, with the extensive Pebas wetland occupying western Amazonia between 23 and c. 10 Ma and the continuous uplift of the Andes mountains. The complex interaction between the Andes and Amazonia probably influenced the trajectory of Neotropical biodiversity, but evidence from time‐calibrated phylogenies of groups that diversified during this period is lacking. We investigate the role of these landscape transformations in the dynamics of diversification in the Neotropical region using a 26‐Myr‐old endemic butterfly radiation. Location Neotropics. Time period Oligocene to present. Major taxa studied Ithomiini butterflies. Methods We generated one of the most comprehensive time‐calibrated molecular phylogenies of a large clade of Neotropical insects, the butterfly tribe Ithomiini, comprising 340 species (87% of extant species) and spanning 26 Myr of diversification. We applied a large array of birth–death models and historical biogeography estimations to assess the dynamics of diversification and biotic interchanges, especially at the Amazonia–Andes interface. Results Our results suggest that the Amazonian Pebas wetland system played a major role in the timing and geography of diversification of Ithomiini, by constraining dispersal and diversification in the Amazon basin until c. 10 Ma. During the Pebas wetland period, Ithomiini diversification mostly took place in the Andes, where terrestrial habitats were not affected. An explosion of interchanges with Amazonia and with the Northern Andes accompanied the demise of the Pebas system (11–8 Ma) and was followed by local diversification in those areas, which led to a substantial renewal of diversification. Main conclusions Many studies on Neotropical diversity have focused only on the Andes, whereas we show that it is the waxing and waning of the Pebas mega‐wetland, interacting with Andean uplift, that determined the timing and patterns of regional interchanges and diversification in Ithomiini.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renewed diversification following Miocene landscape turnover in a Neotropical butterfly radiation

Chazot

Willmott

Lamas

et al. 2019

Global Ecol Biogeogr

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“…In the Neogene, deformation in the EC continued, and it intensified toward the end of this period (Bayona et al, ; Mora et al, ; Parra, Mora, Jaramillo, et al, ; Parra, Mora, Sobel, et al, ). Two marine transgressions covered the LB in the Early and Middle Miocene (Jaramillo et al, ). The strongest contractional deformation occurred in the Middle Miocene‐Pliocene (Bayona et al, ; Mora et al, ; Parra, Mora, Jaramillo, et al, ; Parra, Mora, Sobel, et al, ).…”

Section: Geological Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constraints on the Cenozoic Deformation of the Northern Eastern Cordillera, Colombia

et al. 2018

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The Eastern Cordillera of Colombia rose to maximum elevations of >5 km during the Cenozoic by inversion of a Mesozoic rift basin. Previous studies proposed that the exhumation of the Eastern Cordillera increased from ~6 Ma to the present due to the interplay between tectonic shortening and climate. In this study, we integrate new field observations, structural data, low‐temperature thermochronology, thermobarometry, and vitrinite reflectance along a section through the Tablazo, Cocuy, and Llanos regions to estimate the amount of shortening and the exhumation history. Our results indicate that shortening started as early as the latest Maastrichtian‐Paleocene in the Tablazo and Cocuy regions. Exhumation migrated eastward, starting in the Paleocene in the west and continuing in the Miocene in the east. The amount and rate of exhumation peaked in the Cocuy region with values of <5 km and < 0.4 km/Ma, respectively. At the highest elevations in the Cocuy Sierra, we also found evidence of a low‐pressure/high‐temperature metamorphic overprint, possibly related to shallow and local magmatic intrusions that occurred in the Late Miocene. Our cross‐section interpretation suggests a low amount of shortening (13%) that is mainly accommodated by high‐angle inverted faults and by the frontal thrust system. The presence of shallow magmatic bodies, moderate exhumation, and low shortening raises questions about the processes (isostatic versus dynamic) that drove the topographic growth of the high Cocuy Sierra.

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“…9 Ma is shown with a blue line (Hoorn et al., ). Below the phylogeny, six known periods of marine events are depicted with an ‘M’ (Jaramillo et al., ; Salamanca et al., ). Global sea level, following Miller, Mountain, Wright, and Browning () in blue and Higgins et al.…”

Section: Molecular Phylogeneticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…palaeotopography and wetlands extent). By translating the reconstruction of the Pebas wetland (Boonstra et al., ; Hernández et al., ; Hoorn, Wesselingh, ter Steege, et al., ; Jaramillo et al., ) on a published mid‐Miocene topographic map (Herold, Seton, Muller, You, & Huber, ), we provide a realistic physiographic Miocene context for South America that will be useful for such a purpose (Figure S3). Ultimately, these contributions will allow us to better ascertain to what extent the current abiotic environment (e.g.…”

Section: Plants As Relicts Of Marine Incursions?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The evidence for marine influence in Amazonia derives from the fossil record of molluscs (Wesselingh et al, 2006), foraminifera, dinoflagellates, ostracods (Boonstra et al, 2015;Gross, Ramos, & Piller, 2015;Jaramillo et al, 2017;Wesselingh & Ramos, 2010), mangrove pollen (Hoorn, 1993(Hoorn, , 2006Salamanca et al, 2016) as well as geochemical, ichnological and sedimentological data (Hovikoski et al, 2007;Jaramillo et al, 2017;Räsänen, Linna, Santos, & Negri, 1995;Vonhof et al, 2003). Amazonian lineages characteristic of marine environments include dolphins, manatees, sharks and stingrays (Bloom & Lovejoy, 2017;Jaramillo et al, 2017;Lovejoy, Albert, & Crampton, 2006). The existence of marine environments in Amazonia, and their influence on regional diversity, has been inferred from biogeographic analyses of amphibians (e.g.…”

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Could coastal plants in western Amazonia be relicts of past marine incursions?

Bernal

Bacon

Balslev

et al. 2019

Journal of Biogeography

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The rainforests of Amazonia comprise some of the most biologically diverse ecosystems on Earth. Despite this high biodiversity, little is known about how landscape changes that took place in deep history have affected the assembly of its species, and whether the impact of such changes on biodiversity can still be observed. Here, we present a hypothesis to explain our observation that plants typical of Neotropical coastal habitats also occur in western Amazonia, in some cases thousands of kilometres away from the coast. Evidence on their current distribution, dispersal biology and divergence times estimated from molecular phylogenies suggest that these plants may be the legacy of the large marine‐influenced embayment that dominated the area for millions of years in the Neogene. We hypothesize that coastal plants dispersed along the shores of this embayment and persisted as inland relicts after the marine incursion(s) retreated, probably with the aid of changes in soil conditions caused by the deposition of marine sediments. This dispersal corridor may also have facilitated the colonization of coastal environments by Amazonian lineages. These scenarios could imply an unexpected coastal source that has contributed to Amazonia's high floristic diversity and led to disjunct distributions across the Neotropics. We highlight the need for future studies and additional evidence to validate and shed further light on this potentially important pattern.

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Miocene flooding events of western Amazonia

Abstract: Two distinct and short-lived flooding events of shallow marine waters covered western Amazonia during the Miocene.

Cited by 143 publications

References 123 publications

Renewed diversification following Miocene landscape turnover in a Neotropical butterfly radiation

Renewed diversification following Miocene landscape turnover in a Neotropical butterfly radiation

Constraints on the Cenozoic Deformation of the Northern Eastern Cordillera, Colombia

Could coastal plants in western Amazonia be relicts of past marine incursions?

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