Minoxidil Sulfate Is the Active Metabolite that Stimulates Hair Follicles

Buhl, Allen E.; Waldon, Daniel J.; Baker, Carolyn A.; Johnson, George

doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12504905

Cited by 179 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…A previous study used minoxidil, the positive control used in this study, to induce sufficient growth in follicles (length), and stimulate re-growth of the hair via follicle stimulation in C57BL/ 6 mice. Minoxidil sulfate is converted to active metabolites in the follicles, thereby improving blood circulation in the scalp (Bihl et al 1990). The GSSZ extract also facilitated hair re-growth in C57BL/6 mice, similar to minoxidil.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivoandIn vitrohair growth promotion effects of extract fromGlycine soja Siebold et Zucc

Yáng

Kim

2016

JABC

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Hair is a dermal adjunctive organ that protects the body from external physical and chemical stimuli; hair undergoes anagen, catagen, and telogen phases, with hair-loss occurring during the telogen phase. Alopecia is a condition wherein a person undergoes hair-loss far exceeding the normal amount, owing to diverse external factors. Wild beans are rich in isoflavone and amino acids known to prevent hair-loss; compared to cultivated beans, many wild bean species have higher protein content. This study aimed to develop a hair growth promoting solution, with superior hair growth promoting effects and fewer side effects, using naturally obtained Glycine soja Siebold et Zucc (GSSZ) extracts. Sevenweek-old C57BL/6N male mice were classified into different experimental groups. Hair growth was observed in GSSZ-treated mice, and compared against that seen in 3 % minoxidil (MXD, positive control)-treated mice. Visual observations revealed a greater reduction in hair-loss in MXD and GSSZ application groups, compared to that in TXN group (hair loss induction using 1 % testosterone). Evaluation using an image analysis software revealed that compared to the positive control, TXN + GSSZ group showed the highest hair growth. TXN + MXD and control groups exhibited similar follicular cell growth, while the hair growth promotion patterns were similar in the negative control (normal), TXN + GSSZ, and TXN groups, as observed via histological analysis. GSSZ did not induce cytotoxicity (even at 2 mg/mL) in keratinocytes and dermal papilla cells; alternately, dermal papilla cell proliferation was activated in a (GSSZ) concentration-dependent manner. Therefore, the GSSZ extract promoted hair growth and increased hair growth-related cell activity, and could therefore be utilized in alopecia treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivoandIn vitrohair growth promotion effects of extract fromGlycine soja Siebold et Zucc

Yáng

Kim

2016

JABC

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“…There are individual variations in scalp sulfotransferase levels. Patients with better response to topical Minoxidil were found to have greater level of enzyme activity 29 . Different study duration for evaluation of results can be a factor for difference in results.…”

Section: Group 2: Combination Of Topicalmentioning

confidence: 94%

Comparative Study of Efficacy of Topical Minoxidil 5% and Combination of Topical Minoxidil 5%, Topical Azelaic Acid 1.5% and Topical Tretinoin 0.01% on the Basis of Dermoscopic Analysis in Androgenetic Alopecia

Gugle

Jadhav

Kote

et al. 2015

MVP Journal of Medical Science

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Background: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) more commonly known as male pattern baldness affects up to 50% of men worldwide. Tretinoin prolongs anagen phase and increases percutaneous absorption of minoxidil three fold. Azelaic acid is an inhibitor of 5 alpha reductase and could be an effective agent in the treatment of androgen related pathology of human skin. Aims and Objective: 1) To study the efficacy of topical minoxidil 5% in treatment of androgenetic alopecia. 2) To study the efficacy of combination of topical minoxidil 5%, topical azelaic acid 1.5% and topical tretinoin 0.01% in treatment of androgenetic alopecia. 3) To compare the efficacy of foresaid topical preparation in treatment of androgenetic alopecia Setting: Outpatient department of Dermatology, Venerology Leprology of a tertiary health care centre with an attached medical college. Material and methods: Topical minoxidil 5 % lotion was used in 23 (50%) patients of the present study. Combination of topical minoxidil 5%, azelaic acid 1.5 % and tretinoin 0.01 % lotion was used in 23 (50 %) patients of the present study. Statistical analysis used: Epi info version 7. Results: There was statistically significant increase in hair number and thickness after treatment in both the groups. The comparison of the increase of hair number and thickness was statistically insignificant. Conclusions: Topical Minoxidil 5% is equally effective to combination of topical Minoxidil 5%, azelaic acid 1.5% and tretinoin 0.01% in treatment of androgenetic alopecia.

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“…In most cases, sulfonation increases the water solubility and renal excretion of the drug. However, certain drugs such as minoxidil, which is an antihypertensive agent and hair growth stimulant, are activated upon sulfonation (Buhl et al, 1990;Strott, 2002). Sulfonation is a low-capacity but high-affinity Phase II metabolic pathway which accounts for approximately 35% of drug metabolism at therapeutic doses in adults, together with 50% via glucuronidation and 15%…”

Section: Role Of Sulfate In the Metabolism Of Pharmacological Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetics and pathophysiology of mammalian sulfate biology

Langford

Hurrion

Dawson

2017

Journal of Genetics and Genomics

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Nutrient sulfate is essential for numerous physiological functions in mammalian growth and development. Accordingly, disruptions to any of the molecular processes that maintain the required biological ratio of sulfonated and unconjugated substrates are likely to have detrimental consequences for mammalian physiology. Molecular processes of sulfate biology can be broadly grouped into four categories: firstly, intracellular sulfate levels are maintained by intermediary metabolism and sulfate transporters that mediate the transfer of sulfate across the plasma membrane; secondly, sulfate is converted to 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS), which is the universal sulfonate donor for all sulfonation reactions; thirdly, sulfotransferases mediate the intracellular sulfonation of endogenous and exogenous substrates; fourthly, sulfate is removed from substrates via sulfatases. From the literature, we curated 91 human genes that encode all known sulfate transporters, enzymes in pathways of sulfate generation, PAPS synthetases and transporters, sulfotransferases and sulfatases, with a focus on genes that are linked to human and animal pathophysiology. The predominant clinical features linked to these genes include neurological dysfunction, skeletal dysplasias, reduced fecundity and reproduction, and cardiovascular pathologies. Collectively, this review provides reference information for genetic investigations of perturbed mammalian sulfate biology.

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Minoxidil Sulfate Is the Active Metabolite that Stimulates Hair Follicles

Cited by 179 publications

References 9 publications

In vivoandIn vitrohair growth promotion effects of extract fromGlycine soja Siebold et Zucc

In vivoandIn vitrohair growth promotion effects of extract fromGlycine soja Siebold et Zucc

Comparative Study of Efficacy of Topical Minoxidil 5% and Combination of Topical Minoxidil 5%, Topical Azelaic Acid 1.5% and Topical Tretinoin 0.01% on the Basis of Dermoscopic Analysis in Androgenetic Alopecia

Genetics and pathophysiology of mammalian sulfate biology

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