Minority stress and mental health in European transgender and gender diverse people: A systematic review of quantitative studies

Mezza, Fabrizio; Mezzalira, Selene; Pizzo, Rosa; Maldonato, Nelson Mauro; Bochicchio, Vincenzo; Scandurra, Cristiano

doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2023.102358

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…In Italy, which is the context of this study, research confirms the data reported in the international scientific literature regarding the associations between sexism, heterosexism, RWA, and SDO (e.g., Callahan & Loscocco, 2023;Lingiardi et al, 2016;Rollè et al, 2022;Scandurra et al, 2017Scandurra et al, , 2020Trappolin, 2022). Indeed, various studies have confirmed that Italy is still a highly heteronormative country, where sexual and gender minorities are strongly discriminated due to their nonheterosexual orientation or gender nonconformity (Baiocco et al, 2013;Bochicchio et al, 2019;Lingiardi et al, 2016;Mezza et al, 2023;Scandurra et al, 2020). Furthermore, Italy lacks a specific legislation protecting gender and sexual minorities from homo-or trans-phobic hate crimes, thus exposing these individuals to negative outcomes in terms of mental health and wellbeing (Hatzenbuehler, 2010(Hatzenbuehler, , 2014, also due to the gender pressure they are subject to in their everyday life (Egan & Perry, 2001;Mezzalira et al, 2023a).…”

Section: Sexism Authoritarianism Social Dominance Orientationsupporting

confidence: 88%

Affective and Attitudinal Features of Benevolent Heterosexism in Italy: The Italian Validation of the Multidimensional Heterosexism Inventory

Bochicchio,

Mezzalira,

Walls

et al. 2024

Sex Res Soc Policy

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Introduction People who belong to a sexual and gender minority often face prejudices that have their roots in heterosexism, a sociocultural system that can manifest itself in different ways and sometimes in a seemingly benevolent fashion. The present study examined the psychometric properties of the Multidimensional Heterosexism Inventory (MHI), a scale assessing aversive, amnestic, paternalistic, and positive stereotypic heterosexism, in an Italian sample. Methods Two hundred one cisgender and heterosexual individuals (129 women and 72 men) aged 18 to 81 years (M = 36.42, SD = 12.56) were recruited online between May and October 2022 and answered questions about social dominance orientation, right-wing authoritarianism, ambivalent sexism, and attitudes toward lesbians and gay men. Results Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the original 4-factor model of the scale fit the data well. Predictive and convergent validity of the Italian version of the MHI was adequate, whereas discriminant validity was not fully achieved due to overlap of multidimensional heterosexism with hostile and benevolent sexism and authoritarianism. Scores were higher for aversive and amnesic heterosexism in men than in women, but not for paternalistic and positive stereotypic heterosexism. Finally, less educated participants, those with no LGBTQI + friends, and religious participants were higher in all MHI subscales than their counterparts. Conclusions This study provides the first evidence for the validity and reliability of an Italian version of the MHI. Policy Implications Using the MHI can help to make visible not only the explicit but also the subtle forms of heterosexism, thus recognizing the multidimensional nature of heterosexism produced in social institutions.

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Section: Sexism Authoritarianism Social Dominance Orientationsupporting

confidence: 88%

Affective and Attitudinal Features of Benevolent Heterosexism in Italy: The Italian Validation of the Multidimensional Heterosexism Inventory

Bochicchio,

Mezzalira,

Walls

et al. 2024

Sex Res Soc Policy

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“…It is important to note that while this study focuses primarily on sexual minority youths, gender minority youths experience gender-specific stresses based on their gender nonconformity rather than their sexual orientation [ 53 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual Minorities and Loneliness: Exploring Sexuality through Social Media and Gender–Sexuality Alliance (GSA) Supports

Charmaraman,

Zhang,

Wang

et al. 2024

IJERPH

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We examined online and offline social supports for sexual minority adolescents, underscoring the understudied developmental period of early adolescence and the mental outcome of loneliness. Stemming from a larger study in the northeast U.S., 967 youth participants were 26% sexual minority, 53% female, 45% male, and 2% other/nonbinary (mean age = 13.1, SD = 1.52). LGBTQ+ youth reported significantly higher levels of loneliness compared to their heterosexual counterparts. To understand potential sources of social support while exploring their sexual identities, we compared the experiences of LGBTQ+ youth at both ends of the loneliness spectrum. Gaining knowledge about their sexual orientation from LGBTQ+ organization websites, participating in gender–sexuality alliances, and using TikTok or Instagram were associated with lower levels of loneliness. Providing social support to online friends was associated with lower loneliness; however, receiving online support was not associated with lower loneliness. Furthermore, proactive social media engagement such as posting uplifting content, joining online communities, or raising awareness about social issues were associated with lower levels of loneliness. The results provide guidance on specific youth behaviors and online communities beyond a focus on screen time while highlighting the continued need for social support to ameliorate loneliness, such as gender–sexuality alliance networks.

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Attitudes and knowledge of mental health practitioners towards LGBTQ+ patients: A mixed-method systematic review

Cruciani,

Quintigliano,

Mezzalira

et al. 2024

Clinical Psychology Review

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Minority stress and mental health in European transgender and gender diverse people: A systematic review of quantitative studies

Cited by 8 publications

References 77 publications

Affective and Attitudinal Features of Benevolent Heterosexism in Italy: The Italian Validation of the Multidimensional Heterosexism Inventory

Affective and Attitudinal Features of Benevolent Heterosexism in Italy: The Italian Validation of the Multidimensional Heterosexism Inventory

Sexual Minorities and Loneliness: Exploring Sexuality through Social Media and Gender–Sexuality Alliance (GSA) Supports

Attitudes and knowledge of mental health practitioners towards LGBTQ+ patients: A mixed-method systematic review

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