Minor Powers, Alliances, and Armed Conflict: Some Preliminary Patterns

Krause, Volker; Singer, J. David

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-13000-1_3

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The concept that she and her associates have opted for is the one that is based on the perception of the state, and the self-perception of the state's leaders and population about their position in the international hierarchy. In other words, if a state's leaders and its 9 Krause andSinger2001, 15−25, 16. 10 Vital 1971, 15−29, 15. population are convinced that they live in a small state, and/or if other states perceive it as a small state, it shall be considered as such.…”

Section: Definitions Of 'Smallness'mentioning

confidence: 99%

Small states in world politics: State of the art

Radoman¹

2018

J Regional Security

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In the literature review to follow I will first provide an overview of the major efforts in small states studies, concerning most importantly the definition of 'smallness' as the area in which an agreement is yet to be reached. This will be followed by an overview of the scholarly discussions on smallness and power and strategies that small states employ to mitigate their material limitations, which have led scholars to question the concept of power. This raised the following question: are small states permanently locked into a power hierarchy which they cannot escape, or do they have a possibility to overcome their material limitations by shaping and re-shaping relations in which they are found? Constructivists moved the debate away from structural variables and limitations that these states are faced with, and brought into the picture the small states' possibilities and different roles they might employ, thus bypassing the limitations emerging from the 'small vs. big powers' dichotomy. Theories of alliances, however, continue to picture the choices that are presented to small states as only two: to seek protection of bigger states or risk standing alone. Least work has been done on where and how smallness matters and where opportunities for small states lie. Future work should reflect if, when, and how 'smallness' is a factor in these states' foreign policies and their alignment politics.

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Section: Definitions Of 'Smallness'mentioning

confidence: 99%

Small states in world politics: State of the art

Radoman¹

2018

J Regional Security

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“…In doing so, in this chapter I explore the various efforts to define an entity that has been analyzed under many different names: small state, weak state (Handel, 1985), weak power (Buzan, 1983) minor power (Wight, 1978;Krause and Singer, 2001), secondary and tertiary state (Lobell et al, 2015), or lesser state (Waltz, 1979;De Russet, 1954). I suggest that there is more common ground among the different approaches than it is usually believed.…”

Section: This Thesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, there are various views on which type of alliance is more beneficial for a small state (Rothstein, 1966;Osgood, 1968;Liska 1968;Vayrynen, 1997;Krause and Singer, 2001), as well as on whether it is better for a Small State to remain neutral or to join an alliance. As Wiberg (1987:345), put it, "any solution carries some resemblance to a gamble".…”

Section: • Choose Neutral Positionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alliance is a core concept of International Relations, but also one that lacks clarity, as again there is no consensus among scholars on one and single definition (Keohane, 1969;Krause and Singer, 2001). Among many definitions which do not make a clear distinction among alliance, coalition, defence pact, and alignment a working one is articulated in the context of Small State studies, by Bergsmann (2001:36), who critically reviews previous works on alliances and concludes that a concept should be theoretically and practically useful, thus according to him "an alliance shall be defined as an explicit agreement among states in the realm of national security in which the partners promise mutual assistance in the form of a substantial contribution of resources in the case of a certain contingency the arising of which is uncertain.…”

Section: Small States In Alliancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Liska (1968:29), who has in mind the cases of Japan with the Republic of Korea and also of British and French ties with Africa,: "to an increasing number of less developed countries, selectively disengaged ex-metropolitan powers may be more efficient and more tolerable great-power allies in the search for post-independence stability than superpowers without colonial antecedents, as long as the ex-metropoles retain the capacity and will for instant but limited re-engagement". After the end of Cold War too, scholars suggest that multilateral alliances have constituted the optimum option to safeguard Small States security, as they may increase Small State security but leave some room for predictability and flexibility too (Vayrynen, 1997;Krause and Singer, 2001). Yet this is not the only categorization of and debate on Small Powers' alliance options.…”

Section: Small States In Alliancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pedi¹,

Παιδή²

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H παρούσα διατριβή ασχολείται με τα Μικρά Κράτη στο διεθνές σύστημα και επικεντρώνεται στη μελέτη της βιβλιογραφίας επί των διεθνών σχέσεων των Μικρών Κρατών. Kαταγράφει, συνοψίζει, αποτιμά την υπάρχουσα βιβλιογραφία, αναλύει και συνθέτει τα ευρήματα, προκειμένου να παρουσιάσει ένα συνεκτικό πλαίσιο ανάλυσης των Διεθνών Σχέσεων των Μικρών Κρατών. Σκοπός της διατριβής ειναι να καλύψει το κενό που έχει διαπιστωθεί διαχρονικά στη βιβλιογραφία των Μικρών Κρατών και αφορα την ελλιπή γνώση μας για την έρευνα στις διεθνείς σχέσεις των Μικρών Κρατών και την αξιοποίηση των υφιστάμενων ερευνητικών αποτελεσμάτων. Τα πέντε πιο σημαντικά στοιχεία που συνεισφέρει η διατριβή στο επιστημονικό πεδίο των Διεθνών Σχέσεων και πιο συγκεκριμένα στη μελέτη των Μικρών Κρατών είναι: 1 Η κάλυψη του κενού της συλλογής της υπάρχουσας γνώσης για τα Μικρά Κράτη που έχει διαπιστωθεί διαχρονικά από πολλούς μελετητές. 2 Η συλλογή, κατηγοριοποίηση και κριτική ανάλυση της βιβλιογραφίας που γίνεται σε έκταση που δεν είχε πραγματοποιηθεί μέχρι σήμερα και με τέτοιο τρόπο, ώστε να παρουσιάζει τη συνοχή στο πεδίο μελέτης των Μικρών Κρατών, να προσφέρει υποθέσεις εργασίας για νέες μελέτες, αλλά και συμπεράσματα για τη διαμόρφωση πολιτικής. Έτσι, επιτρέπει την αξιοποίηση της υφιστάμενης γνώσης, αλλά και την αναγνώριση υποδειγμάτων συμπεριφοράς Μικρών Κρατών, η έλλειψη των οποίων αποτέλεσε εμπόδιο για την ανάπτυξη του πεδίου σύμφωνα με μελετητές των Μικρών Κρατών. 3 Η σύγκριση των κύριων ευρυμάτων που προκύπτουν από την ανάλυση των μελετών των Μικρών Κρατών με τις αρχές του Ρεαλισμού και το συμπέρασμα ότι η συμπεριφορά των Μικρών Κρατών, αλλά και η μελέτη της, έχει περισσότερα κοινά σημεία με τον Ρεαλισμό, αντίθετα με ό,τι υποστηρίζεται από άλλους μελετητές . 4 Η εισαγωγή της έννοιας του “επιχειρηματία”, όπως συναντάται στις μελέτες για την επιχειρηματικότητα, για την περαιτέρω ανάλυση της έννοιας του “μικρού, αλλά έξυπνου κράτους”. 5 Η ανάδειξη κενών στη βιβλιογραφία των Μικρών Κρατών, όπως για παράδειγμα, σχετικά με τη χρήση σκληρής ισχύος από τα Μικρά Κράτη, με τις διαμάχες των Μικρών Κρατών μεταξύ τους ή μεταξύ Μικρού Κράτους και Μεγάλης Δύναμης, αλλά και η γεωγραφική διεύρυνση της μελέτης των Μικρών Κρατων στην Ευρώπη προς την Κεντροανατολική Ευρώπη και τη Μεσόγειο

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From Nordic Peacekeeper to NATO Peacemaker: Denmark’s Journey from Semi-neutral to Super Ally

Mariager

Wivel

2020

Small States and the New Security Environment

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Minor Powers, Alliances, and Armed Conflict: Some Preliminary Patterns

Cited by 23 publications

References 13 publications

Small states in world politics: State of the art

Small states in world politics: State of the art

Theory of international relations

From Nordic Peacekeeper to NATO Peacemaker: Denmark’s Journey from Semi-neutral to Super Ally

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