Minor Physical Anomalies and Behavior in Preschool Children

Waldrop, Mary F.; Pedersen, Frank A.; Bell, Richard Q.

doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1968.tb04433.x

Cited by 110 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…or pediatric nurse practitioner blind to maternal exposures. The minor anomalies measure was initially developed at the National Institute of Mental Health (12) to evaluate dysmorphology in children. Minor anomalies specific to teratogen exposure were added (by K.L.W.)…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The occurrence of three or more minor anomalies is important because of its predictive association with major structural malformations (11), neurodevelopmental abnormalities, or eventual psychiatric problems (12). Although a higher risk for three or more minor anomalies in fluoxetine-exposed infants was reported (6), no increased risk was found in newborns exposed to sertraline (13) or SSRIs generally (14), compared to unexposed newborns.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Major Depression and Antidepressant Treatment: Impact on Pregnancy and Neonatal Outcomes

Wisner¹,

Sit²,

Hanusa³

et al. 2009

AJP

350

195

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Objective Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) use during pregnancy incurs a low absolute risk for major malformations; however, other adverse outcomes have been reported. Major depression also affects reproductive outcomes. This study examined whether 1) minor physical anomalies, 2) maternal weight gain and infant birth weight, 3) preterm birth, and 4) neonatal adaptation are affected by SSRI or depression exposure. Method This prospective observational investigation included maternal assessments at 20, 30, and 36 weeks of gestation. Neonatal outcomes were obtained by blinded review of delivery records and infant examinations. Pregnant women (N=238) were categorized into three mutually exclusive exposure groups: 1) no SSRI, no depression (N=131); 2) SSRI exposure (N=71), either continuous (N=48) or partial (N=23); and 3) major depressive disorder (N=36), either continuous (N=14) or partial (N=22). The mean depressive symptom level of the group with continuous depression and no SSRI exposure was significantly greater than for all other groups, demonstrating the expected treatment effect of SSRIs. Main outcomes were minor physical anomalies, maternal weight gain, infant birth weight, pregnancy duration, and neonatal characteristics. Results Infants exposed to either SSRIs or depression continuously across gestation were more likely to be born preterm than infants with partial or no exposure. Neither SSRI nor depression exposure increased risk for minor physical anomalies or reduced maternal weight gain. Mean infant birth weights were equivalent. Other neonatal outcomes were similar, except 5-minute Apgar scores. Conclusions For depressed pregnant women, both continuous SSRI exposure and continuous untreated depression were associated with preterm birth rates exceeding 20%.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Major Depression and Antidepressant Treatment: Impact on Pregnancy and Neonatal Outcomes

Wisner¹,

Sit²,

Hanusa³

et al. 2009

AJP

350

195

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…An early study (Goldfarb and Botstein, cited in Waldrop et al 6) found increased numbers of minor physical anomalies in schizophrenic children compared with normal controls. Several subsequent studies (reviewed in Alexander et al 7 and McGrath et al 8) have also found an increase in minor physical anomalies in schizophrenia, often using a weighted scoring instrument based on distinguishing measures.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Minor physical anomalies in familial and sporadic schizophrenia: the Maudsley family study

Griffiths

Sigmundsson

Takei

et al. 1998

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

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Objectives-(1) To test the hypothesis that minor physical anomalies are increased in patients with schizophrenia and (2) to investigate diVerences in the prevalence of minor physical anomalies in patients with familial and sporadic schizophrenia and their first degree relatives. Methods-A weighted Waldrop assessment was carried out on 214 subjects in five groups: schizophrenic patients from multiply aVected families; first degree relatives of these familial schizophrenic patients; sporadic schizophrenic patients; first degree relatives of these sporadic schizophrenic patients, and normal controls. Broad and narrow criteria for abnormality were defined based on the distribution of minor physical anomalies in the control group. Results-(1) The total schizophrenic group did not have a significant increase in minor physical anomalies using a narrow criterion of abnormality, but did when a broader criterion was used. (2) A significant increase in the proportion of subjects with an abnormally high number of minor physical abnormalities was shown in the group of sporadic schizophrenic patients (uncorrected p<0.01). Separate analyses for males and females showed a significant increase in the male sporadic group (uncorrected p<0.05), and a smaller non-significant increase in the female sporadic group. Neither the familial schizophrenic group nor either group of first degree relatives showed any significant increases in the proportion of patients with high abnormality scores. Conclusion-This work supports prenatal developmental abnormality as a mechanism for sporadic, but not familial, schizophrenia. (J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1998;64:56-60)

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“…The evaluation of disease severity and psychopathology included the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) [23], the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) [24], and the Waldrop Physical Anomaly Scale (WALDROP) [25]. Examination of all subjects also included other measures: the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test (K-BIT) [26] and the Social Adaptation Self-evaluation Scale (SASS) (see Table 1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Neuroanatomical Basis of Panic Disorder and Social Phobia in Schizophrenia: A Voxel Based Morphometric Study

Picado¹,

Carmona

Hoekzema³

et al. 2015

PLoS ONE

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ObjectiveIt is known that there is a high prevalence of certain anxiety disorders among schizophrenic patients, especially panic disorder and social phobia. However, the neural underpinnings of the comorbidity of such anxiety disorders and schizophrenia remain unclear. Our study aims to determine the neuroanatomical basis of the co-occurrence of schizophrenia with panic disorder and social phobia.MethodsVoxel-based morphometry was used in order to examine brain structure and to measure between-group differences, comparing magnetic resonance images of 20 anxious patients, 20 schizophrenic patients, 20 schizophrenic patients with comorbid anxiety, and 20 healthy control subjects.ResultsCompared to the schizophrenic patients, we observed smaller grey-matter volume (GMV) decreases in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and precentral gyrus in the schizophrenic-anxiety group. Additionally, the schizophrenic group showed significantly reduced GMV in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, precentral gyrus, orbitofrontal cortex, temporal gyrus and angular/inferior parietal gyrus when compared to the control group.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the comorbidity of schizophrenia with panic disorder and social phobia might be characterized by specific neuroanatomical and clinical alterations that may be related to maladaptive emotion regulation related to anxiety. Even thought our findings need to be replicated, our study suggests that the identification of neural abnormalities involved in anxiety, schizophrenia and schizophrenia-anxiety may lead to an improved diagnosis and management of these conditions.

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Minor Physical Anomalies and Behavior in Preschool Children

Cited by 110 publications

References 5 publications

Major Depression and Antidepressant Treatment: Impact on Pregnancy and Neonatal Outcomes

Major Depression and Antidepressant Treatment: Impact on Pregnancy and Neonatal Outcomes

Minor physical anomalies in familial and sporadic schizophrenia: the Maudsley family study

The Neuroanatomical Basis of Panic Disorder and Social Phobia in Schizophrenia: A Voxel Based Morphometric Study

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