Minor degree of hypohydration adversely influences cognition: a mediator analysis

Benton, David; Jenkins, Kimberly T; Watkins, Heather; Young, Hayley

doi:10.3945/ajcn.116.132605

Cited by 43 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The present and related findings (13) suggest that small variations in hydration status influence cognitive functioning. However, it cannot be assumed that when faced with the same hypo-hydration inducing situation that everybody will respond in the same way.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…2) and previous findings: using the same paradigm, drinking prevented a decline in episodic memory and focussed attention (13). Yet the present report contrasts with previous reports in that working memory was not disrupted by a loss of 1-2% of body mass (4,(8)(9)(10) and that even a loss of more than 2% has only sometimes (4-8) been found to be disruptive.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

“…Similarly, with both attention and episodic memory the loss of a greater percentage of body mass resulted in poorer memory and attention (13). If the basic phenomenon is an interaction between hypo-hydration, and individual differences in physiological status, this is a reason to use a moderated mediation analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given the many widespread pre-existing assumptions about the benefits of remaining hydrated, it is to be expected that drinking, as such, would be beneficial. Benton and Young (13) suggested that one approach is not to study groups, who have or have not drunk, but rather to examine individual differences. As there is a limited ability of individuals to know their hydration status or to understand individual differences in the ability to deal with hypo-hydration, where objective measures such as osmolality can be obtained, these can be considered without the worry of a placebo response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The use of moderated mediated analysis to study the influence of hypo-hydration on working memory

Young¹

2016

Nutr Hosp

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Introduction: To date, dehydration has been typically reported to infl uence psychological parameters when there has been at least a 2% loss of body mass, although there has been little examination of those going about their everyday lives, those who have lost less than 1% of body mass. In such situations factors such as the initial hydration status and individual differences in the response to a reduced fl uid intake are likely to be infl uential. Yet to study the complexity added by such additional variables novel methods of statistical analysis are required. Objectives: The present study describes the use of moderated mediation, an approach that asks various questions: fi rstly, is drinking infl uential?; secondly, does a mediator (e.g., thirst) sit between an independent and dependent variable?; and thirdly, does an effect only occur under certain conditions such as initial osmolality? Method: In the study, 118 subjects were exposed to 30 °C for four hours during which they half drank 300 ml water. The serial sevens test of working memory was performed before and at the end of the procedure. Results: A 0.6% loss of body mass reduced the effi ciency of working memory. Those who consumed water had better working memory; working memory was worse in participants who lost more body mass or became thirstier, but only in those with higher levels of baseline osmolality. Conclusions: Small variations in hydration status infl uenced cognitive functioning although there were individual differences in the response. The parameters that infl uence an adverse response to hypo-hydration need to be established to allow giving appropriate advice.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The use of moderated mediated analysis to study the influence of hypo-hydration on working memory

Young¹

2016

Nutr Hosp

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“…A person can become dehydrated if they lose as little as 3% of their body weight from water depletion [6]. The loss of body mass with no water intake is associated with poor memory and attention [7]. Studies have reported dehydration by 1–2%, impairs cognitive performance and impacts psychomotor and memory skills [8–11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public knowledge of dehydration and fluid intake practices: variation by participants’ characteristics

et al. 2018

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BackgroundDehydration results from a decrease in total body water content either due to less intake or more fluid loss. Common symptoms of dehydration are dry mouth/tongue, thirst, headache, and lethargy. The aim of this study was to assess knowledge of dehydration definition, symptoms, causes, prevention, water intake recommendations and water intake practices among people living in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.MethodsA cross-sectional study using self-reported questionnaire was employed. Participants were invited during their visit to shopping malls. The shopping malls were selected based on geographical location covering east, west, north and southern part of the city. Self-filled questionnaires were distributed to 393 participants, using systematic sampling technique. Variables recorded included demographics, past medical history, knowledge of dehydration definition, symptoms, causes, prevention and daily water intake practices. Descriptive statistics were summarised as mean, standard deviation and proportions. Negative binomial model was used to identify the predictors of water intake. Analyses were performed using SAS version 9.4 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA).ResultsOut of 393 participants, 273(70%) were Saudi, 209(53%) were female, average age was 32.32 ± 8.78 years. Majority 366(93%) had good knowledge of dehydration definition, 332(84%) for dehydration prevention, and 293(74%) of water intake recommendation. Top three recognized dehydration symptoms were: dry lips (87%), thirst (84%), dry tongue (76%) and recognized dehydration causes were: diarrhoea (81%), sweating (68%) and vomiting (62%). The less recognized symptoms were fatigue 176(44.78%), lack of focus 171(43.5%), headache/dizziness 160(40.71%), light headedness 117(29.7%), muscle weakness 98(24.94%), rapid breathing 90(22.9%), and muscle cramps 64(16.28%).The participants had reported an average of 5.39 ± 3.32 water glasses intake per day. The total volume of water intake was significantly different between males n = 184 (3.935 ± 2.10 l) and females n = 209 (3.461 ± 2.59 l) (p = 0.046). The participants’ weight status, intake of juice or tea were the significant predictors of more water intake.ConclusionThe participants displayed good knowledge of dehydration definition, prevention, and water intake recommendation. The participants also displayed good knowledge of the common symptoms, however knowledge was lacking for uncommon symptoms. Moreover, participants had reported adequate water intake, meeting the daily water intake recommendation of ≥3.7 l for men and ≥ 2.7 l for women.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-018-6252-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Biobehavioral variation in human water needs: How adaptations, early life environments, and the life course affect body water homeostasis

Rosinger

2019

American J Hum Biol

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Body water homeostasis is critical for optimal physiological and cognitive function for humans. The majority of research has illustrated the negative biological consequences of failing to meet water needs. The human body has several mechanisms for detecting, regulating, and correcting body water deficits and excesses. However, variation exists in total water intake and how people meet those water needs as well as thirst thresholds and how well people tolerate water restriction. An evolutionary and developmental framework provides an underexplored perspective into human water needs by examining how adaptations, early life experiences and environments, as well as life course changes in health states and behaviors may shape these critical factors in body water homeostasis. This article first reviews biological and behavioral adaptations to water scarcity among animals and humans. It then examines human variation in water intake in a mostly water secure environment through the analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey dietary data and the link between water intake patterns and hydration biomarkers.Next, it reviews existing evidence of how maternal water restriction in utero and during lactation shape vasopressin release, thirst thresholds, drinking patterns, and body water homeostasis for the infant. Early life water restriction appears to have implications for hydration status, body size, and cardiovascular health. Finally, it examines how life course changes in health states and behaviors, including obesity, sleep, and parasitic infection, affect body water homeostasis. This article poses new questions about the plasticity and shaping of human water needs, thirst, and hydration behaviors.

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Minor degree of hypohydration adversely influences cognition: a mediator analysis

Cited by 43 publications

References 28 publications

The use of moderated mediated analysis to study the influence of hypo-hydration on working memory

The use of moderated mediated analysis to study the influence of hypo-hydration on working memory

Public knowledge of dehydration and fluid intake practices: variation by participants’ characteristics

Biobehavioral variation in human water needs: How adaptations, early life environments, and the life course affect body water homeostasis

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