MINMOD Millennium: A Computer Program to Calculate Glucose Effectiveness and Insulin Sensitivity from the Frequently Sampled Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test

Boston, Ray; Stefanovski, Darko; Moate, Peter J.; Sumner, Anne E.; Watanabe, Richard M.; Bergman, Richard N.

doi:10.1089/152091503322641060

Cited by 387 publications

(371 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

362

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Haplotype associations were tested using HaploView 3.2 and adjusted p values determined by permutation tests. Insulin sensitivity (S I ) was calculated using either the MinMod program from intravenous glucose tolerance test data [18], or for subjects studied in Arkansas, the MinMod Millenium program [19]. Acute insulin response to glucose (AIR G ) was determined from the mean 2 min -10 min excursion over baseline in the Utah study, or as the area under curve taken from the MinMod Millenium output for Arkansas studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinol binding protein 4 as a candidate gene for type 2 diabetes and prediabetic intermediate traits

Craig

Chu

Elbein

2007

Molecular Genetics and Metabolism

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Serum retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) was recently described as a new adipokine that reduced peripheral and hepatic insulin sensitivity and increased hepatic gluconeogenesis. The RBP4 gene maps to 10q23-24, near a region linked to T2DM in Caucasian and Mexican American populations. Hence, sequence variants that alter RBP4 expression or function could increase T2DM susceptibility and reduce insulin sensitivity. We screened the 6 exons, flanking intronic sequence, and 5' and 3' flanking sequences in 48 Caucasian and 48 African American subjects. We identified 21 SNPs, of which 8 were unique to the African American population. Additional public database SNPs were chosen for regions not screened. We selected SNPs for typing based on frequency, linkage disequilibrium, and location in a putative functional or conserved region. We typed 10 SNPs in 191 Caucasians with T2DM and a family history of T2DM, and 188 euglycemic controls with no family history of diabetes. We similarly typed 14 variants in 182 controls and 353 diabetic individuals of African American ancestry. No single variant was associated with type 2 diabetes in either population (p>0.15 in African Americans, p>0.09 in Caucasians), but a haplotype of 8 common SNPs in Caucasians was significantly increased in type 2 diabetics compared with controls (0.137 vs 0.076, p=0.008). Furthermore, SNPs -804 and +9476 were associated with reduced insulin secretion, (p=0.01 and 0.001, respectively), and SNP +390 with reduced insulin sensitivity (p=0.0005) in Caucasians. Our data suggest that noncoding SNPs may increase diabetes susceptibility in Caucasians and may contribute to insulin resistance and reduced insulin secretion.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinol binding protein 4 as a candidate gene for type 2 diabetes and prediabetic intermediate traits

Craig

Chu

Elbein

2007

Molecular Genetics and Metabolism

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A frequently sampled IVGTT was performed according to the Minimal Model method as previously described [30]. The insulin sensitivity index (S I ) was calculated by the MINMOD Millennium software [31].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Downregulation of genes involved in NFκB activation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells after weight loss is associated with the improvement of insulin sensitivity in individuals with the metabolic syndrome: the GENOBIN study

et al. 2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aims/hypothesis The transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa-B (NFκB) is implicated in inflammatory responses, obesity and the metabolic syndrome, while immune cells appear to play a central role in mediating insulin resistance and can be used as a model to study inflammation and its relationship with insulin resistance. In peripheral blood mononuclear cells of overweight participants with the metabolic syndrome, we evaluated (1) the effect of diet-induced weight loss on the expression of genes involved in NFκB activation and (2) their association with insulin sensitivity. The genes studied were: TNF receptors TNFRSF1A and TNFRSF1B, and IL1R1, TLR4, TLR2, ICAM1, CCL5 and IKBKB. Methods We analysed data from 34 overweight participants with abnormal glucose metabolism and the metabolic syndrome, who were randomised to a weight-reduction (n=24) or control group (n=10) for 33 weeks. The mRNA expression was measured using real-time PCR. Measures of insulin and glucose homeostasis were assessed by IVGTT and OGTT. Results In general, the genes studied were downregulated after weight loss intervention. The changes in TLR4, TLR2, CCL5 and TNFRSF1A mRNA expression were associated with an increase in insulin sensitivity index independently of the change in waist circumference (p<0.05). The change in IKBKB expression correlated with most of the changes in gene expression in the weight-reduction group. Conclusions/interpretation These results suggest that proteins encoded by CCL5, TLR2 and TLR4, and TNFRSF1A might contribute to insulin-resistant states that characterise obesity and the metabolic syndrome.

show abstract

“…Blood was then drawn at 1 min intervals for 4 min, then every 10 min until a total of 180 min had elapsed. Results were analysed by MINMOD software [20] to determine the acute insulin response to glucose (AIRg; a measure of insulin secretory capacity) and Si. Most of the study subjects also underwent percutaneous liver biopsy for iron and histological analysis.…”

Section: Clinical Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The overall prevalence of abnormal fasting glucose values in this group were: IFG 13% (95% CI [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]; diabetes 26% (95% CI 20-34). Thirty-two of the males (31%) and four of the females (12%) had diabetes.…”

Section: Historical Review Of Diabetes Prevalence Data In Haemochromamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

High prevalence of abnormal glucose homeostasis secondary to decreased insulin secretion in individuals with hereditary haemochromatosis

et al. 2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aims/hypothesis: The prevalence and mechanisms of diabetes in hereditary haemochromatosis are not known. We therefore measured glucose tolerance, insulin secretory capacity and insulin sensitivity in adults with haemochromatosis.Subjects and methods: Subjects recruited from referrals to a haemochromatosis clinic underwent OGTT and frequently sampled IVGTT. A chart review of former clinic patients was also performed. Results: The prevalence of diabetes (23%) and IGT (30%) was increased in haemochromatosis compared with matched control subjects (0% diabetes and 14% IGT). Subjects with haemochromatosis and diabetes were overweight (14%) or obese (86%). The prevalence of diabetes, as determined by chart review of fasting glucose values, in subjects who had haemochromatosis and were in the 40-79 years age range was 26%. Overall, patients with haemochromatosis and control subjects had similar values for acute insulin response to glucose and insulin sensitivity. However, patients with haemochromatosis and IGT had a 68% decrease in acute insulin response to glucose (p<0.02) compared with those with NGT. They were not insulin-resistant, exhibiting instead a 62% increase in insulin sensitivity (NS). Haemochromatosis subjects with diabetes exhibited further declines in acute insulin response to glucose, insulin resistance, or both.Conclusions/interpretation: Diabetes and IGT are common in haemochromatosis, justifying screening for diabetes and therapeutic phlebotomy. The major abnormality associated with IGT is decreased insulin secretory capacity. Diabetes is usually associated with obesity and concomitant insulin resistance.

show abstract

MINMOD Millennium: A Computer Program to Calculate Glucose Effectiveness and Insulin Sensitivity from the Frequently Sampled Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test

Cited by 387 publications

References 19 publications

Retinol binding protein 4 as a candidate gene for type 2 diabetes and prediabetic intermediate traits

Retinol binding protein 4 as a candidate gene for type 2 diabetes and prediabetic intermediate traits

Downregulation of genes involved in NFκB activation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells after weight loss is associated with the improvement of insulin sensitivity in individuals with the metabolic syndrome: the GENOBIN study

High prevalence of abnormal glucose homeostasis secondary to decreased insulin secretion in individuals with hereditary haemochromatosis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About