Minireview on Fluid Manipulation Techniques for the Synthesis and Energy Applications of Two-Dimensional MXenes: Advances, Challenges, and Perspectives

Abstract

A new frontier in the design and applications of useful micro- and nanomaterials was unlocked by the combination of fluid mechanics with modern engineered technologies. Fluidic methods allow for the exact and active spatiotemporal manipulation of matter, which has enormous potential for the fabrication of advanced nanoplatforms with flexible material characteristics. Fluidic technologies bestow some advantages over conventional experimental methods, such as quick sample processing and precise fluid control during assays. When combined with different two-dimensional (2D) materials, these fluidic techniques opened up a new era in the area of material science and engineering. MXenes, the youngest family of layered 2D materials, have attracted great scientific attention as a result of their peculiar properties and are used for a multitude of applications. This review discusses the magnificent relationship between MXenes and fluid manipulation technique nanofluidics in the domain of energy research. This article proclaims a concise review of the synthesis, energy applications, challenges, and future outlook of MXenes in fluidic research. An emphasis is given to the applications of MXene-based fluidic techniques in the field of energy harvesting and storage. This analysis will provide anew insight into MXenes in the field of fluid manipulation techniques that followed custom approaches in the past and researchers to move toward a new direction in the future. This examinative article will fill a major gap in fluidic research in the world of materials. And to the best part of our perception, this is the first review that offers an overview of the combination of fluidics and MXenes for application, particularly in energy harvesting and storage devices.

An ammonium vanadate/MXene nanocomposite for high-performance ammonium ion storage

“…15 Therefore, new electrode materials with large interlayer spacing and improved ion conductivity are highly desirable for reversible storage and release of ammonium ions. 16,17 MXenes are another class of layered materials synthesized using the wet etching technique from the parent MAX phase. 18–20 Furthermore, there are research reports on improving the electrochemical performance of layered materials with MXenes.…”

Rapid Synthesis of Hierarchical Cobalt Disulfide Nanostructures by Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal Method for High Performance Supercapatteries

“…Environmental problems and a depletion in conventional energy resources introduced the researchers to think about other alternative energy resources that efficiently meet the practical device applications. , A higher amount of energy consumption in the past few years leads to the development of reliable and efficient energy devices in an environmentally friendly, low cost, and sustainable way. , The necessity to develop efficient energy storage devices in an environmentally friendly route is an urgent demand. , Batteries and electrochemical capacitors are the most promising candidates for energy storage and conversion; both of them find suitability in applications ranging from electronic devices to smart grids. − Among these various energy storage devices, supercapacitors have profound interest due to their higher energy density, long cycle life, higher charge/discharge rate, environmental safety, etc. − Supercapacitors received wide attention due to their capability for the instantaneous transport of a high degree of power in a very short period of time compared to that of a rechargeable battery, and they possess high energy density in comparison to conventional dielectric capacitors, which make them a promising tool for practical applications. − Based on the energy storage mechanism, they are classified into two types: electrical double layer capacitors (EDLCs) where electrical energy is stored through the electrostatic charge diffusion and formation of electric double layers of charges at the electrode/electrolyte interface and pseudocapacitors store electrical energy by reversible faradaic reactions that happen at the surface of the electrode . The performance of a supercapacitor depends upon the properties of electrode-active materials used in it.…”

“…14−16 Based on the energy storage mechanism, they are classified into two types: electrical double layer capacitors (EDLCs) where electrical energy is stored through the electrostatic charge diffusion and formation of electric double layers of charges at the electrode/electrolyte interface and pseudocapacitors store electrical energy by reversible faradaic reactions that happen at the surface of the electrode. 17 The performance of a supercapacitor depends upon the properties of electrode-active materials used in it. Introduction, storage, and transfer of charges in a supercapacitor happen at the electrode surface without destroying its interior structure.…”

Boron carbon nitride (BCN): an emerging two-dimensional nanomaterial for supercapacitors

“…This burning issue has triggered the further exploration of energy storage technologies and ended up in the inventions of rechargeable batteries and supercapacitors. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Rechargeable batteries and supercapacitors are the examples of electrochemical energy storage devices in which chemical energy is converted to electrical energy upon discharging and the electrical energy is stored upon charging the devices. 9 This has manifested as a sustainable option to achieve the energy availability on demand when coupled with renewable energy technologies such as photovoltaic and wind energy systems.…”