Minireview Exploring the Biological Cycle of Vitamin B3 and Its Influence on Oxidative Stress: Further Molecular and Clinical Aspects

Abstract

Vitamin B3, or niacin, is one of the most important compounds of the B-vitamin complex. Recent reports have demonstrated the involvement of vitamin B3 in a number of pivotal functions which ensure that homeostasis is maintained. In addition, the intriguing nature of its synthesis and the underlying mechanism of action of vitamin B3 have encouraged further studies aimed at deepening our understanding of the close link between the exogenous supply of B3 and how it activates dependent enzymes. This crucial role can be attributed to the gut microflora and its ability to shape human behavior and development by mediating the bioavailability of metabolites. Recent studies have indicated a possible interconnection between the novel coronavirus and commensal bacteria. As such, we have attempted to explain how the gastrointestinal deficiencies displayed by SARS-CoV-2-infected patients arise. It seems that the stimulation of a proinflammatory cascade and the production of large amounts of reactive oxygen species culminates in the subsequent loss of host eubiosis. Studies of the relationhip between ROS, SARS-CoV-2, and gut flora are sparse in the current literature. As an integrated component, oxidative stress (OS) has been found to negatively influence host eubiosis, in vitro fertilization outcomes, and oocyte quality, but to act as a sentinel against infections. In conclusion, research suggests that in the future, a healthy diet may be considered a reliable tool for maintaining and optimizing our key internal parameters.

Gut Microbiota: A Novel Therapeutic Target for Parkinson’s Disease

“…A reduction of SCFAs-producing bacteria leading to SCFAs deficiency may result in detrimental effects in PD patients, including gut leakiness, increased colonic inflammation, increased risk of a-synuclein deposition in the gastrointestinal tract, and microglial activation in the brain (68,69). SCFAs were recently reported to have protective properties against dopamine and tyrosine hydroxylase depletion in the substantia nigra (70). Liu et al also found that butyrate exerts protective effects against PD in mice via stimulation of glucagon like peptide-1 (71).…”

CD38 in the age of COVID-19: a medical perspective

“…Hence NAM reverses lung injury caused by ischemia, inhibits proinflammatory cytokines and is effective against HIV-1 infection (119,122). Another aspect of NAM effects that is relevant to the metabolome rewiring of NAD 1 is their contribution to maintaining homeostasis through the involvement of gut microbiota in NAD 1 biogenesis (131). NAM suppliers (such as NR and NMN) are thus potential candidates for use in COVID-19 treatment by replenishing NAD 1 levels (45,125,129).…”

Gut brain axis: an insight into microbiota role in Parkinson’s disease

“…It was also found to be crucial for microglial function in mice. SCFA was recently found to have protective properties against dopamine and tyrosine hydroxylase depletion in the substantia nigra (Doroftei et al 2020).…”