Minireview: Compensatory Growth of the Lung following Partial Pneumonectomy

De, Rannels; Rannels,

doi:10.3109/01902148809115122

Cited by 75 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 88 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…Similarly, increased lung expansion is thought to drive the acceleration in lung growth following hemipneumonectomy (17). These data suggest that increased lung expansion also regulates lung growth after birth, just as it does in the fetus before birth (1,2).…”

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confidence: 65%

Effect of Increased Lung Expansion on Surfactant Protein mRNA Levels in Lambs

et al. 2001

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Effect of Increased Lung Expansion on Surfactant Protein mRNA Levels in Lambs

et al. 2001

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“…Extensive animal studies have enhanced our understanding of this process (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7). The degree of compensatory growth achieved is reduced with age, but, if lung tissue is removed sufficiently early in life, there is an almost complete restitution of air space, capillary and tissue volumes, and alveolar and capillary surface areas to normal (8,9).…”

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confidence: 99%

A Role for Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-BB in Rat Postpneumonectomy Compensatory Lung Growth

et al. 2002

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Unilateral pneumonectomy leads to compensatory growth in the residual lung, the mediators of which are largely unknown. We hypothesized, based on its other known roles in lung cell growth, that platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB would be an essential mediator of postpneumonectomy compensatory lung growth. Left-sided pneumonectomies were performed on 21-dold rats, for comparison with sham-operated or unoperated control animals. Body weights were not different between groups. Right lung weights and DNA content were significantly increased (p Ͻ 0.05), compared with controls, by 10 d after pneumonectomy. The rate of DNA synthesis was maximal on d 5 postpneumonectomy. Total right lung PDGF-B mRNA and PDGF-BB protein increased after pneumonectomy, but were apparently tightly regulated, relative to total right lung ␤-actin mRNA and protein content, respectively. However, PDGF-BB expression after pneumonectomy was apparently not purely constitutive, in that daily i.p. injections of a truncated soluble PDGF ␤-receptor both reduced activation of the native PDGF ␤-receptor, and attenuated increased lung DNA synthesis on d 3 after pneumonectomy. These findings are consistent with a critical role for PDGF-BB in postpneumonectomy lung growth. Children and adolescents subjected to a unilateral pneumonectomy develop a varying degree of compensatory growth in the contralateral lung (1). Extensive animal studies have enhanced our understanding of this process (2-7). The degree of compensatory growth achieved is reduced with age, but, if lung tissue is removed sufficiently early in life, there is an almost complete restitution of air space, capillary and tissue volumes, and alveolar and capillary surface areas to normal (8, 9). Physiologic, pathophysiological, and morphologic studies suggest that, at least in small animal species, this compensatory growth occurs within the first 2 wk after surgery (5, 6, 10). Cellular hyperplasia is evident during compensatory lung growth (10, 11), with increased mitotic indices of parenchymal cells, total DNA, and DNA synthesis (as measured by incorporation of [ 3 H]thymidine) having been observed in rats (10 -13), mice (14), and rabbits (6).Successful postpneumonectomy lung growth is likely to require the coordinated expression of various growth factors and their receptors, directed at the different cell types within the lung (15), acting through autocrine, endocrine, juxtacrine, or paracrine pathways. Despite an extensive literature relating to experimental pneumonectomy, the mediators of compensatory growth in the residual lung tissue have not been elucidated. It has been shown that the immediate-early genes c-fos and jun-B are up-regulated very rapidly (30 min) after pneumonectomy (16). However, the downstream events that follow this early response, and mediate the proliferative response, are not clear. It has been suggested that tumor necrosis factor may be one of the hormonal factors implicated in postpneumonec-

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“…Multiple studies suggest th at this compensatory response is rapid and is acco mplished by cellular hyperplasia rather th an hypertrophy. Th is experime ntal model has provided valuable insight into th e mechanisms con trolling both normal lung growt h and the respo nse of the lun g to inj ury (13,14). T he rate and nature of postpneu mon ectomy lun g growt h are affected by hormonal influences as well as by age of the ani ma l at the time of surgery .…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The NaD animals also had lower tissue RNA concentrations and exhibited decreased rates of skeletal mu scle pro tein synthesis relative to sodi um replete controls. Th is raises th e issue of whether cha nges in sodium balance may modul ate growth and development of the lun g.Parti al pneumon ectom y in th e young rat provides a welldescribed laboratory model of rapid lun g growth ( 13,14). After partial resection of th e lun g, th ere is a rapi d restorat ion of tissue mass so that the remaining lun g mass equals th at of both lun gs in Sham-operated animals (15 ).…”

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Effect of Diet-Induced Sodium Deficiency on Normal and Compensatory Growth of the Lung in Young Rats

et al. 1990

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PNX , left pneumonectomy Sham, sham thoracotomy LW, dry lung weight BW, body weight Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is a co mmon form of pu lmon ary dysfun ction th at is observed in as man y as 20% of infants und er 1500 g birth weight ( I). It is now kn own th at the pathogenesis of chronic lun g disease in the neonatal period is related not only to the acute lun g inj ury, but also to th e ability of th e infa nt to heal adequ ately. Th is in turn is influenced to a great extent by nutrition al factors (2). Undernutrition increases the mortalit y rate of newborn rats exposed to hyperoxia (3), an d ma y perm anent ly affect lung struc ture. Rodent s deprived of food for the first 2 1 d have a permanent redu ction in th e number of lun g cells as assessed by lun g DNA measurement s and a permanent reduction in lun g RNA (4, 5).Electrolyte abnorma lities also are co m mo n in neonates, especially those with chronic cardiopulmonary distress. T hese in fants are often treated by restrict ing salt and water intake and administerin g di uretics (6)(7)(8), occasionally lead ing to sodium deficiency (9). Sodium deficiency has been associated with poor growth in both anima ls (10, II ) and hum ans (12) . Wassner (10) showed th at rats fed a diet deficien t in sodium dem onstrate delayed growth in term s of both weight gain and length, despite com parable caloric int ake. Thi s was associated with o nly mild hyponatremia ( 134 ve rsus 139 m mol/L) and with marked urinary sodium conservation. The NaD animals also had lower tissue RNA concentrations and exhibited decreased rates of skeletal mu scle pro tein synthesis relative to sodi um replete controls. Th is raises th e issue of whether cha nges in sodium balance may modul ate growth and development of the lun g.Parti al pneumon ectom y in th e young rat provides a welldescribed laboratory model of rapid lun g growth ( 13,14). After partial resection of th e lun g, th ere is a rapi d restorat ion of tissue mass so that the remaining lun g mass equals th at of both lun gs in Sham-operated animals (15 ). Increa sed total DNA in the right lung and norm al protein/DNA ratios, along with morph om etric stud ies (16), suggest that th is respo nse results from cellular hyperplasia rather th an hypert roph y. To determ ine th e influ ence of sodium balance on lun g growt h, the rate and exten t of compensatory growth of th e right lung after PNX was investigated in young rats fed an NaD but otherwise nutrition ally complete diet.Fou r-wk-old male Sprague-Daw ley rats weighing 83 ± I g (Char les River Laborat ories, Wilmi ngton, MA) were rand omly 455 Abbreviations NaD , sodium deficient Con, sodium-replete control ABSTRACT, Sodium deficiency is as sociated with decrea sed muscle growth and protein synthesis. We investigated the influence of diet-induced sodium deficiency on the rate and extent of compensatory growth of the right lung after left pneumonectomy in young rats of 83 ± 1 g body weight. Starting 1 wk before surgery, all rats were fed a diet deficient only in sodium (2-9 It...

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Minireview: Compensatory Growth of the Lung following Partial Pneumonectomy

Cited by 75 publications

References 88 publications

Effect of Increased Lung Expansion on Surfactant Protein mRNA Levels in Lambs

Effect of Increased Lung Expansion on Surfactant Protein mRNA Levels in Lambs

A Role for Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-BB in Rat Postpneumonectomy Compensatory Lung Growth

Effect of Diet-Induced Sodium Deficiency on Normal and Compensatory Growth of the Lung in Young Rats

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